CVE-2018-3777: Restforce Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-534w-937m-v7x3
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-20 CWE-172
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2018-3777 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-20: Improper Input Validation) affecting Restforce libraries in the RubyGems ecosystem. The issue involves restforce vulnerable to improper input validation. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.0.0.

CVE-2018-3777 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2018-3777
GHSA Identifier GHSA-534w-937m-v7x3
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
Affected Product Restforce
Package Ecosystem RubyGems
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2018-3777

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Restforce dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

restforce fixed: 3.0.0 
Upgrade restforce to 3.0.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for restforce

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2018-3777, inspect your project dependencies for Restforce:

inspect dependencies for restforce

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Restforce in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.0.0), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation, where the product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. In Restforce, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A flaw in how restforce constructs URLs may allow an attacker to inject additional parameters into Salesforce API requests. Impact ------ This flaw is only exploitable in applications that pass user input directly to restforce's select, find, describe, update, upsert, and destroy methods. Vulnerable code might look like: ```ruby client.select('SomeSalesForceObject', params[:some-id], ...) ``` In such an application, attackers could pass `0016000000MRatd/describe` as a request parameter, causing the server to make a request to a different endpoint than the server is designed to handle. Since the Salesforce REST API supports overriding HTTP methods via a request parameter, an attacker could also cause the client's `select()` method to modify data, by passing `0016000000MRatd/?_HttpMethod=PATCH&other-query-params=...`. Workarounds ------ If possible, applications should track salesforce IDs internally, rather than passing user-supplied IDs to salesforce. Such practice mitigates this vulnerability, and in general is desirable for ensuring strong access control.

CVE-2018-3777 Affected Restforce Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.0.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
restforce
gem/restforce
RubyGems
< 3.0.0
3.0.0

References

NVD — CVE-2018-3777 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3777
Restforce Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/restforce/restforce/pull/392
GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-534w-937m-v7x3
Restforce Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/restforce/restforce
Restforce Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/restforce/CVE-2018-3777.yml

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2018-3777?
CVE-2018-3777 is a security vulnerability in Restforce involving restforce vulnerable to Improper Input Validation under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation.
Which Restforce versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.0.0 across affected packages: restforce.
What version fixes CVE-2018-3777?
Upgrading to 3.0.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is restforce affected?
Yes, restforce is affected in releases prior to 3.0.0. Upgrade your dependency to 3.0.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2018-3777?
CVE-2018-3777 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2018-3777?
CVE-2018-3777 is classified under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation (The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.).
How can I check RubyGems dependencies for CVE-2018-3777?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for restforce'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-534w-937m-v7x3",
  "modified" : "2023-06-09T20:17:46Z",
  "published" : "2018-08-03T21:04:02Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2018-3777" ],
  "summary" : "restforce vulnerable to Improper Input Validation",
  "details" : "A flaw in how restforce constructs URLs may allow an attacker to inject additional parameters into Salesforce API requests.   \n\nImpact\n------\nThis flaw is only exploitable in applications that pass user input directly to restforce's select, find, describe, update, upsert, and destroy methods. \n\nVulnerable code might look like:\n```ruby\n  client.select('SomeSalesForceObject', params[:some-id],\n     ...)\n```\n\nIn such an application, attackers could pass `0016000000MRatd/describe`  as a request parameter, causing the server to make a request to a different endpoint than the server is designed to handle. Since the Salesforce REST API supports overriding HTTP methods via a request parameter, an attacker could also cause the client's `select()` method to modify data, by passing `0016000000MRatd/?_HttpMethod=PATCH&other-query-params=...`.\n\nWorkarounds\n------\nIf possible, applications should track salesforce IDs internally, rather than passing user-supplied IDs to salesforce. Such practice mitigates this vulnerability, and in general is desirable for ensuring strong access control.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "RubyGems",
      "name" : "restforce"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.0.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3777"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/restforce/restforce/pull/392"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-534w-937m-v7x3"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/restforce/restforce"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/restforce/CVE-2018-3777.yml"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-172", "CWE-20" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2020-06-16T20:59:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2018-08-03T20:29:00Z"
  }
}