CVE-2018-1327: Struts2 rest plugin Denial of Service Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-38cr-2ph5-frr9
CVSS 7.5
CWE-91
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2018-1327 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-91: XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)) affecting Struts2 rest plugin libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves apache struts rest plugin can potentially allow a dos attack. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 2.5.16.

CVE-2018-1327 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2018-1327
GHSA Identifier GHSA-38cr-2ph5-frr9
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-91: XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)
Affected Product Struts2 rest plugin
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2018-1327

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Struts2 rest plugin dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.struts:struts2-rest-plugin fixed: 2.5.16
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
    <artifactId>struts2-rest-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.16</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.struts

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2018-1327, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.struts

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Struts2 rest plugin in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 2.5.16), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.struts command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-91: XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection), where the product does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in xml, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the xml before it is processed by an end system. In Struts2 rest plugin, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

The Apache Struts REST Plugin is using XStream library which is vulnerable and allow perform a DoS attack when using a malicious request with specially crafted XML payload. Upgrade to the Apache Struts version 2.5.16 and switch to an optional Jackson XML handler as described here http://struts.apache.org/plugins/rest/#custom-contenttypehandlers. Another option is to implement a custom XML handler based on the Jackson XML handler from the Apache Struts 2.5.16.

CVE-2018-1327 Affected Struts2 rest plugin Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
2.5.16
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.struts:struts2-rest-plugin
Maven
≥ 2.1.1
< 2.5.16
2.5.16

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2018-1327?
CVE-2018-1327 is a security vulnerability in Struts2 rest plugin involving Apache Struts REST Plugin can potentially allow a DoS attack under CWE-91: XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection).
Which Struts2 rest plugin versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 2.5.16 across affected packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-rest-plugin.
What version fixes CVE-2018-1327?
Upgrading to 2.5.16 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is struts2-rest-plugin affected?
Yes, org.apache.struts:struts2-rest-plugin is affected in releases prior to 2.5.16. Upgrade your dependency to 2.5.16 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2018-1327?
CVE-2018-1327 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2018-1327?
CVE-2018-1327 is classified under CWE-91: XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection) (The product does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2018-1327?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.struts'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-38cr-2ph5-frr9",
  "modified" : "2024-01-05T16:06:12Z",
  "published" : "2018-10-16T19:35:26Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2018-1327" ],
  "summary" : "Apache Struts REST Plugin can potentially allow a DoS attack",
  "details" : "The Apache Struts REST Plugin is using XStream library which is vulnerable and allow perform a DoS attack when using a malicious request with specially crafted XML payload. Upgrade to the Apache Struts version 2.5.16 and switch to an optional Jackson XML handler as described here http://struts.apache.org/plugins/rest/#custom-contenttypehandlers. Another option is to implement a custom XML handler based on the Jackson XML handler from the Apache Struts 2.5.16.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
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      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.struts:struts2-rest-plugin"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.1.1"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.5.16"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1327"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
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  }, {
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    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/9260720568cee9e868d2899228eceed0c3359323"
  }, {
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    "url" : "https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-056"
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  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r02c2d634fa74209d941c90f9a4cd36a6f12366ca65f9b90446ff2de3@%3Cissues.struts.apache.org%3E"
  }, {
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    "url" : "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf482c101a88445d73cc2e89dbf7f16ae00a4aa79a544a1e72b2326db@%3Cissues.struts.apache.org%3E"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180330-0001"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227124859/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103516"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://web.archive.org/web/20200923124543/http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040575"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2018-4258247.html"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-91" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2020-06-16T20:54:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : null
  }
}