CVE-2016-4861: Zendframework/zendframework SQL Injection Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-xfjq-w3cw-h5fq
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-89
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2016-4861 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) sql injection vulnerability (CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')) affecting Zendframework/zendframework libraries in the Packagist ecosystem. The issue involves zend framework allows sql injection. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.12.20.

CVE-2016-4861 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2016-4861
GHSA Identifier GHSA-xfjq-w3cw-h5fq
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Affected Product Zendframework/zendframework
Package Ecosystem Packagist
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2016-4861

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Zendframework/zendframework dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

zendframework/zendframework fixed: 1.12.20 
Upgrade zendframework/zendframework to 1.12.20
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for zendframework/zendframework

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2016-4861, inspect your project dependencies for Zendframework/zendframework:

inspect dependencies for zendframework/zendframework

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Zendframework/zendframework in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.12.20), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of an sql command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended sql command when it is sent to a downstream component. without sufficient removal or quoting of sql syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated sql query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as sql instead of ordinary user data. In Zendframework/zendframework, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

The (1) order and (2) group methods in Zend_Db_Select in the Zend Framework before 1.12.20 might allow remote attackers to conduct SQL injection attacks by leveraging failure to remove comments from an SQL statement before validation.

CVE-2016-4861 Affected Zendframework/zendframework Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.12.20
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
zendframework/zendframework
 Packagist
< 1.12.20
1.12.20

References

NVD — CVE-2016-4861 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4861
Zendframework/zendframework Security Information SECURITY
https://framework.zend.com/security/advisory/ZF2016-03
Zendframework/zendframework Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/zendframework/zendframework
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce... WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/06/msg00012.html
lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/packa... WEB
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2JUKFTI6ABK7ZN7IEAGPCLAHCFANMID2
lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/packa... WEB
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/N27AV6AL6B4KGEP3VIMIHQ5LFAKF5FTU
lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/packa... WEB
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UR5HXNGIUSSIZKMSZYMPBEPZEZTYFTIT
Zendframework/zendframework Security Information SECURITY
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201804-10
jvn.jp/en/jp/jvn18926672/i... WEB
http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN18926672/index.html
jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/jvndb-2016-00... WEB
http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000158

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2016-4861?
CVE-2016-4861 is a security vulnerability in Zendframework/zendframework involving Zend Framework Allows SQL Injection under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection').
Which Zendframework/zendframework versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.12.20 across affected packages: zendframework/zendframework.
What version fixes CVE-2016-4861?
Upgrading to 1.12.20 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is zendframework/zendframework affected?
Yes, zendframework/zendframework is affected in releases prior to 1.12.20. Upgrade your dependency to 1.12.20 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2016-4861?
CVE-2016-4861 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2016-4861?
CVE-2016-4861 is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.).
How can I check Packagist dependencies for CVE-2016-4861?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for zendframework/zendframework'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-xfjq-w3cw-h5fq",
  "modified" : "2023-11-01T18:10:05Z",
  "published" : "2022-05-14T02:19:45Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2016-4861" ],
  "summary" : "Zend Framework Allows SQL Injection",
  "details" : "The (1) order and (2) group methods in Zend_Db_Select in the Zend Framework before 1.12.20 might allow remote attackers to conduct SQL injection attacks by leveraging failure to remove comments from an SQL statement before validation.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "zendframework/zendframework"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.12.20"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4861"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://framework.zend.com/security/advisory/ZF2016-03"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/zendframework/zendframework"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/06/msg00012.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2JUKFTI6ABK7ZN7IEAGPCLAHCFANMID2"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/N27AV6AL6B4KGEP3VIMIHQ5LFAKF5FTU"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UR5HXNGIUSSIZKMSZYMPBEPZEZTYFTIT"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201804-10"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN18926672/index.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000158"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-89" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2023-07-28T20:07:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2017-02-17T02:59:00Z"
  }
}