CVE-2026-74765: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-xw3q-mp5h-p8jx
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CVSS 6.5
CWE-125
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-74765 is a MODERATE (CVSS 6.5) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2026-74765 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-74765
GHSA Identifier GHSA-xw3q-mp5h-p8jx
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 6.5
CWE Classification CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 6.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality Low (C:L)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability Low (A:L)

How to Fix CVE-2026-74765

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2026-74765, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read, where the product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Net::IDN::Punycode versions before 2.590 for Perl allow an out-of-bounds read via integer overflow of the delta accumulator in encode_punycode. The XS backend keeps the punycode delta, and the digit index derived from it, in a signed int. The accumulation `delta += (m-n) * (h+1)` has no overflow check, so a large enough code point wraps the delta and the digit index leaves the range of the 36-entry digit table. The bound before the final table access tests only for an index above 36, so a negative index passes it, as does 36 itself. Perl strings hold code points beyond the Unicode range, and one such code point overflows the accumulation on its own. Valid input wraps it as well, for example 1927 ASCII letters followed by U+10FFFF. The conversion functions encode a label before they check its length, so a long label reaches the encoder through the documented API. Only the XS backend is affected. Encoding an attacker-supplied string copies a byte from outside the digit table into the encoded result or crashes the process.

References

NVD — CVE-2026-74765 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-74765
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/robrwo/Net-IDN-Encode/commit/27a91ccdb6c9b41f75ba198f5ae154d14e225de2.patch
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/robrwo/Net-IDN-Encode/commit/81c7f99fe7430bdc5116081508dffdb56f376861.patch
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/robrwo/Net-IDN-Encode/commit/89d5aa8d3504c5e96061ab76d1541a89c16157cf.patch
datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3492 WEB
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3492#section-6.4
metacpan.org/release/pjcj/net-id... WEB
https://metacpan.org/release/PJCJ/Net-IDN-Encode-2.590-TRIAL/changes
Software Security Information SECURITY
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/22/11

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-74765?
CVE-2026-74765 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read.
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2026-74765?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-74765?
CVE-2026-74765 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-74765?
CVE-2026-74765 is classified under CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read (The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2026-74765?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
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  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-xw3q-mp5h-p8jx",
  "modified" : "2026-09-22T18:33:27Z",
  "published" : "2026-09-22T09:31:12Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-74765" ],
  "details" : "Net::IDN::Punycode versions before 2.590 for Perl allow an out-of-bounds read via integer overflow of the delta accumulator in encode_punycode.\n\nThe XS backend keeps the punycode delta, and the digit index derived from it, in a signed int. The accumulation `delta += (m-n) * (h+1)` has no overflow check, so a large enough code point wraps the delta and the digit index leaves the range of the 36-entry digit table. The bound before the final table access tests only for an index above 36, so a negative index passes it, as does 36 itself. Perl strings hold code points beyond the Unicode range, and one such code point overflows the accumulation on its own. Valid input wraps it as well, for example 1927 ASCII letters followed by U+10FFFF. The conversion functions encode a label before they check its length, so a long label reaches the encoder through the documented API.\n\nOnly the XS backend is affected.\n\nEncoding an attacker-supplied string copies a byte from outside the digit table into the encoded result or crashes the process.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-74765"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/robrwo/Net-IDN-Encode/commit/27a91ccdb6c9b41f75ba198f5ae154d14e225de2.patch"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/robrwo/Net-IDN-Encode/commit/81c7f99fe7430bdc5116081508dffdb56f376861.patch"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/robrwo/Net-IDN-Encode/commit/89d5aa8d3504c5e96061ab76d1541a89c16157cf.patch"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3492#section-6.4"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://metacpan.org/release/PJCJ/Net-IDN-Encode-2.590-TRIAL/changes"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/22/11"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-125" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-09-22T08:16:40Z"
  }
}