CVE-2025-37991: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-xp2h-p3fr-j2j5
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CVSS 7.8
CWE-415
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-37991 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.8) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-415: Double Free) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product calls free() twice on the same memory address.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-37991 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-37991
GHSA Identifier GHSA-xp2h-p3fr-j2j5
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.8
CWE Classification CWE-415: Double Free
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Local (AV:L)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-37991

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-37991, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-415: Double Free, where the product calls free() twice on the same memory address. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: parisc: Fix double SIGFPE crash Camm noticed that on parisc a SIGFPE exception will crash an application with a second SIGFPE in the signal handler. Dave analyzed it, and it happens because glibc uses a double-word floating-point store to atomically update function descriptors. As a result of lazy binding, we hit a floating-point store in fpe_func almost immediately. When the T bit is set, an assist exception trap occurs when when the co-processor encounters *any* floating-point instruction except for a double store of register %fr0. The latter cancels all pending traps. Let's fix this by clearing the Trap (T) bit in the FP status register before returning to the signal handler in userspace. The issue can be reproduced with this test program: root@parisc:~# cat fpe.c static void fpe_func(int sig, siginfo_t *i, void *v) { sigset_t set; sigemptyset(&set); sigaddset(&set, SIGFPE); sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL); printf("GOT signal %d with si_code %ld\n", sig, i->si_code); } int main() { struct sigaction action = { .sa_sigaction = fpe_func, .sa_flags = SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO }; sigaction(SIGFPE, &action, 0); feenableexcept(FE_OVERFLOW); return printf("%lf\n",1.7976931348623158E308*1.7976931348623158E308); } root@parisc:~# gcc fpe.c -lm root@parisc:~# ./a.out Floating point exception root@parisc:~# strace -f ./a.out execve("./a.out", ["./a.out"], 0xf9ac7034 /* 20 vars */) = 0 getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM_INFINITY}) = 0 ... rt_sigaction(SIGFPE, {sa_handler=0x1110a, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO}, NULL, 8) = 0 --- SIGFPE {si_signo=SIGFPE, si_code=FPE_FLTOVF, si_addr=0x1078f} --- --- SIGFPE {si_signo=SIGFPE, si_code=FPE_FLTOVF, si_addr=0xf8f21237} --- +++ killed by SIGFPE +++ Floating point exception

References

NVD — CVE-2025-37991 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37991
git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a1aff3616... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a1aff3616b3b57aa4a5f8a7762cce1e82493fe6
git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a098c51d1... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a098c51d18ec99485668da44294565c43dbc106
git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c639af49e... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c639af49e9e5615a8395981eaf5943fb40acd6f
git.kernel.org/stable/c/757ba4d17b... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/757ba4d17b868482837c566cfefca59e2296c608
git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf21e890f5... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf21e890f56b7d0038ddaf25224e4f4c69ecd143
git.kernel.org/stable/c/de3629baf5... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de3629baf5a33af1919dec7136d643b0662e85ef
git.kernel.org/stable/c/df3592e493... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df3592e493d7f29bae4ffde9a9325de50ddf962e
git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec45844958... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec4584495868bd465fe60a3f771915c0e7ce7951
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce... WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-37991?
CVE-2025-37991 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under CWE-415: Double Free.
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2025-37991?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-37991?
CVE-2025-37991 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-37991?
CVE-2025-37991 is classified under CWE-415: Double Free (The product calls free() twice on the same memory address.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-37991?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-xp2h-p3fr-j2j5",
  "modified" : "2025-12-16T21:30:49Z",
  "published" : "2025-05-20T18:30:58Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-37991" ],
  "details" : "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nparisc: Fix double SIGFPE crash\n\nCamm noticed that on parisc a SIGFPE exception will crash an application with\na second SIGFPE in the signal handler.  Dave analyzed it, and it happens\nbecause glibc uses a double-word floating-point store to atomically update\nfunction descriptors. As a result of lazy binding, we hit a floating-point\nstore in fpe_func almost immediately.\n\nWhen the T bit is set, an assist exception trap occurs when when the\nco-processor encounters *any* floating-point instruction except for a double\nstore of register %fr0.  The latter cancels all pending traps.  Let's fix this\nby clearing the Trap (T) bit in the FP status register before returning to the\nsignal handler in userspace.\n\nThe issue can be reproduced with this test program:\n\nroot@parisc:~# cat fpe.c\n\nstatic void fpe_func(int sig, siginfo_t *i, void *v) {\n        sigset_t set;\n        sigemptyset(&set);\n        sigaddset(&set, SIGFPE);\n        sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL);\n        printf(\"GOT signal %d with si_code %ld\\n\", sig, i->si_code);\n}\n\nint main() {\n        struct sigaction action = {\n                .sa_sigaction = fpe_func,\n                .sa_flags = SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO };\n        sigaction(SIGFPE, &action, 0);\n        feenableexcept(FE_OVERFLOW);\n        return printf(\"%lf\\n\",1.7976931348623158E308*1.7976931348623158E308);\n}\n\nroot@parisc:~# gcc fpe.c -lm\nroot@parisc:~# ./a.out\n Floating point exception\n\nroot@parisc:~# strace -f ./a.out\n execve(\"./a.out\", [\"./a.out\"], 0xf9ac7034 /* 20 vars */) = 0\n getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM_INFINITY}) = 0\n ...\n rt_sigaction(SIGFPE, {sa_handler=0x1110a, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO}, NULL, 8) = 0\n --- SIGFPE {si_signo=SIGFPE, si_code=FPE_FLTOVF, si_addr=0x1078f} ---\n --- SIGFPE {si_signo=SIGFPE, si_code=FPE_FLTOVF, si_addr=0xf8f21237} ---\n +++ killed by SIGFPE +++\n Floating point exception",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37991"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a1aff3616b3b57aa4a5f8a7762cce1e82493fe6"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a098c51d18ec99485668da44294565c43dbc106"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c639af49e9e5615a8395981eaf5943fb40acd6f"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/757ba4d17b868482837c566cfefca59e2296c608"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf21e890f56b7d0038ddaf25224e4f4c69ecd143"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de3629baf5a33af1919dec7136d643b0662e85ef"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df3592e493d7f29bae4ffde9a9325de50ddf962e"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec4584495868bd465fe60a3f771915c0e7ce7951"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-415" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-05-20T18:15:45Z"
  }
}