CVE-2025-54951: Executorch ExecuTorch Vulnerable To Heap-based Buffer Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-xc7w-r669-48pf
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-122
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-54951 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) executorch vulnerable to heap-based buffer vulnerability (CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow) affecting Executorch libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves executorch vulnerable to heap-based buffer overflow. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 0.7.0.

CVE-2025-54951 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-54951
GHSA Identifier GHSA-xc7w-r669-48pf
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Affected Product Executorch
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-54951

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Executorch dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

executorch fixed: 0.7.0 
pip install executorch>=0.7.0
org.pytorch:executorch-android fixed: 0.7.0 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.pytorch</groupId>
    <artifactId>executorch-android</artifactId>
    <version>0.7.0</version>
</dependency>
github.com/pytorch/executorch fixed: 0.7.0 
Upgrade github.com/pytorch/executorch to 0.7.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show executorch

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2025-54951, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show executorch

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Executorch in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 0.7.0), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show executorch command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow, where a heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc(). In Executorch, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A group of related buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the loading of ExecuTorch models can cause the runtime to crash and potentially result in code execution or other undesirable effects. This issue affects ExecuTorch prior to commit cea9b23aa8ff78aff92829a466da97461cc7930c.

CVE-2025-54951 Affected Executorch Versions

3 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
0.7.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
executorch
pypi/executorch
PyPI
< 0.7.0
0.7.0
org.pytorch:executorch-android
maven/org.pytorch/executorch-android
Maven
< 0.7.0
0.7.0
github.com/pytorch/executorch
 SwiftURL
< 0.7.0
0.7.0

References

NVD — CVE-2025-54951 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54951
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/commit/cea9b23aa8ff78aff92829a466da97461cc7930c
Executorch Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pytorch/executorch
Executorch Security Information SECURITY
https://www.facebook.com/security/advisories/cve-2025-54951

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-54951?
CVE-2025-54951 is a security vulnerability in Executorch involving ExecuTorch vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow under CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow.
Which Executorch versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 0.7.0 across affected packages: executorch, org.pytorch:executorch-android, github.com/pytorch/executorch.
What version fixes CVE-2025-54951?
Upgrading to 0.7.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is executorch affected?
Yes, executorch is affected in releases prior to 0.7.0. Upgrade your dependency to 0.7.0 or later.
Is executorch-android affected?
Yes, org.pytorch:executorch-android is affected in releases prior to 0.7.0. Upgrade your dependency to 0.7.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-54951?
CVE-2025-54951 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-54951?
CVE-2025-54951 is classified under CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow (A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2025-54951?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show executorch'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-xc7w-r669-48pf",
  "modified" : "2026-05-07T13:26:50Z",
  "published" : "2025-08-08T00:30:26Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-54951" ],
  "summary" : "ExecuTorch vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow",
  "details" : "A group of related buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the loading of ExecuTorch models can cause the runtime to crash and potentially result in code execution or other undesirable effects. This issue affects ExecuTorch prior to commit cea9b23aa8ff78aff92829a466da97461cc7930c.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "executorch"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
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      }, {
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      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.pytorch:executorch-android"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
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      }, {
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      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "SwiftURL",
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    },
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      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "0.7.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54951"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/commit/cea9b23aa8ff78aff92829a466da97461cc7930c"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pytorch/executorch"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.facebook.com/security/advisories/cve-2025-54951"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-122" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-08-12T18:52:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-08-07T23:15:26Z"
  }
}