CVE-2025-2149: PyTorch Manipulation Of The Argument Scale/zero_point Vulnerability

LOW
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-x3gm-94wq-g975
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CVSS 2.5
CWE-665
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-2149 is a LOW (CVSS 2.5) manipulation of the argument scale/zero_point vulnerability (CWE-665: Improper Initialization) affecting PyTorch libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves manipulation of the argument scale/zero_point leads to improper initialization via quantized sigmoid module. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-2149 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-2149
GHSA Identifier GHSA-x3gm-94wq-g975
Severity LOW
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 2.5
CWE Classification CWE-665: Improper Initialization
Affected Product PyTorch
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 2.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Local (AV:L)
Attack Complexity High (AC:H)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-2149

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected PyTorch dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

torch fixed: Latest secure release 
pip install torch>=Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show torch

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2025-2149, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show torch

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of PyTorch in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show torch command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-665: Improper Initialization, where the product does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used. In PyTorch, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A vulnerability was found in PyTorch 2.6.0+cu124. It has been rated as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function nnq_Sigmoid of the component Quantized Sigmoid Module. The manipulation of the argument scale/zero_point leads to improper initialization. The attack needs to be approached locally. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

CVE-2025-2149 Affected PyTorch Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
torch
pypi/torch
PyPI
≤ 2.6.0

References

NVD — CVE-2025-2149 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2149
PyTorch Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/147818
PyTorch Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/147818#issue-2877301660
PyTorch Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/torch/PYSEC-2025-190.yaml
PyTorch Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.299060
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?id.299060
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?submit.506563

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-2149?
CVE-2025-2149 is a security vulnerability in PyTorch involving Manipulation of the argument scale/zero_point leads to improper initialization via Quantized Sigmoid Module under CWE-665: Improper Initialization.
Which PyTorch versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: torch.
What version fixes CVE-2025-2149?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is torch affected?
Yes, torch is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-2149?
CVE-2025-2149 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 2.5 (LOW) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-2149?
CVE-2025-2149 is classified under CWE-665: Improper Initialization (The product does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2025-2149?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show torch'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
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  "published" : "2025-03-10T15:30:47Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-2149" ],
  "summary" : "PyTorch: Manipulation of the argument scale/zero_point leads to improper initialization via Quantized Sigmoid Module",
  "details" : "A vulnerability was found in PyTorch 2.6.0+cu124. It has been rated as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function nnq_Sigmoid of the component Quantized Sigmoid Module. The manipulation of the argument scale/zero_point leads to improper initialization. The attack needs to be approached locally. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
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}