CVE-2025-48074: OpenEXR OpenEXR Out-Of-Memory Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-x22w-82jp-8rvf",
  "modified" : "2026-06-11T14:09:44Z",
  "published" : "2025-07-31T19:23:18Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-48074" ],
  "summary" : "OpenEXR Out-Of-Memory via Unbounded File Header Values",
  "details" : "### Summary\nThe OpenEXR file format defines many information about the final image inside of the file header, such as the size of data/display window.\n\nThe application trusts the value of `dataWindow` size provided in the header of the input file, and performs computations based on this value.\n\nThis may result in unintended behaviors, such as excessively large number of iterations and/or huge memory allocations.\n\n\n### Details\nA concrete example of this issue is present in the function `readScanline()` in `ImfCheckFile.cpp` at line 235, that performs a for-loop using the `dataWindow min.y` and `max.y` coordinates that can be arbitrarily large.\n\n```cpp\nin.setFrameBuffer (i);\n\nint step = 1;\n\n//\n// try reading scanlines. Continue reading scanlines\n// even if an exception is encountered\n//\nfor (int y = dw.min.y; y <= dw.max.y; y += step) // <-- THIS LOOP IS EXCESSIVE BECAUSE OF DW.MAX\n{\n    try\n    {\n        in.readPixels (y);\n    }\n    catch (...)\n    {\n        threw = true;\n\n        //\n        // in reduceTime mode, fail immediately - the file is corrupt\n        //\n        if (reduceTime) { return threw; }\n    }\n}\n```\n\nAnother example occurs in the `EnvmapImage::resize` function that in turn calls `Array2D<T>::resizeEraseUnsafe` passing the `dataWindow` X and Y coordinates and perform a huge allocation.\n\nOn some system, the allocator will simply return `std::bad_alloc` and crash. On other systems such as macOS, the allocator will happily continue with a \"small\" pre-allocation and allocate further memory whenever it is accessed.\nThis is the case with the `EnvmapImage::clear` function that is called right after and fills the image RGB values with zeros, allocating tens of Gigabytes.\n\n### PoC\n\nNOTE: please download the `oom_crash.exr` file via the following link:\n \nhttps://github.com/ShielderSec/poc/tree/main/CVE-2025-48074\n\n1. Compile the `exrcheck` binary in a macOS or GNU/Linux machine with ASAN.\n2. Open the `oom_crash.exr` file with the following command:\n\n```\nexrcheck oom_crash.exr\n```\n\n3. Notice that `exrenvmap`/`exrcheck` crashes with ASAN stack-trace.\n\n### Impact\nAn attacker could cause a denial of service by stalling the application or exhaust memory by stalling the application in a loop which contains a memory leakage.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "OpenEXR"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.3.2"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.3.3"
      } ]
    } ],
    "versions" : [ "3.3.2" ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/openexr/security/advisories/GHSA-x22w-82jp-8rvf"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48074"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/openexr/commit/2df7802a6421bf39ed73a607392f01b3c6da4e4a"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/openexr"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ShielderSec/poc/tree/main/CVE-2025-48074"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-770" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-07-31T19:23:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-08-01T17:15:52Z"
  }
}