CVE-2021-21295: Netty codec http2 Possible Request Smuggling Vulnerability

Q: What is CVE-2021-21295?

CVE-2021-21295 is a security vulnerability in Netty codec http2 involving Possible request smuggling in HTTP/2 due missing validation under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling').

Q: Which Netty codec http2 versions are affected?

Affected versions include releases prior to 4.1.60.Final across affected packages: io.netty:netty-codec-http2, org.jboss.netty:netty, io.netty:netty.

Q: What version fixes CVE-2021-21295?

Upgrading to 4.1.60.Final (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.

Q: Is netty-codec-http2 affected?

Yes, io.netty:netty-codec-http2 is affected in releases prior to 4.1.60.Final. Upgrade your dependency to 4.1.60.Final or later.

Q: Is netty affected?

Yes, org.jboss.netty:netty is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.

Q: What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-21295?

CVE-2021-21295 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.9 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.

Q: What CWE is associated with CVE-2021-21295?

CVE-2021-21295 is classified under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') (The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.).

Q: How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2021-21295?

Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.netty'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.

MODERATE

Advisory Identifier: GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj

CVSS 5.9

CWE-444

Published 2021-03-09

Advisory Summary

CVE-2021-21295 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.9) possible request smuggling vulnerability (CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')) affecting Netty codec http2 libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves possible request smuggling in http/2 due missing validation. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.1.60.Final.

CVE-2021-21295 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2021-21295

GHSA Identifier GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj

Severity MODERATE

CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.9

CWE Classification CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Affected Product Netty codec http2

Package Ecosystem Maven

Published Date 2021-03-09

Last Updated 2021-08-31

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.9

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)

Attack Complexity High (AC:H)

Privileges Required None (PR:N)

User Interaction None (UI:N)

Scope Unchanged (S:U)

Confidentiality None (C:N)

Integrity High (I:H)

Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2021-21295

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Netty codec http2 dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

io.netty:netty-codec-http2 fixed: 4.1.60.Final

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-codec-http2</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.60.Final</version>
</dependency>

org.jboss.netty:netty fixed: Latest secure release

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.jboss.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>

io.netty:netty fixed: Latest secure release

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.netty

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2021-21295, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.netty

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Netty codec http2 in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.1.60.Final), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.netty command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling'), where the product acts as an intermediary http agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed http requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination. In Netty codec http2, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact If a Content-Length header is present in the original HTTP/2 request, the field is not validated by `Http2MultiplexHandler` as it is propagated up. This is fine as long as the request is not proxied through as HTTP/1.1. If the request comes in as an HTTP/2 stream, gets converted into the HTTP/1.1 domain objects (`HttpRequest`, `HttpContent`, etc.) via `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec `and then sent up to the child channel's pipeline and proxied through a remote peer as HTTP/1.1 this may result in request smuggling. In a proxy case, users may assume the content-length is validated somehow, which is not the case. If the request is forwarded to a backend channel that is a HTTP/1.1 connection, the Content-Length now has meaning and needs to be checked. An attacker can smuggle requests inside the body as it gets downgraded from HTTP/2 to HTTP/1.1. A sample attack request looks like: ``` POST / HTTP/2 :authority:: externaldomain.com Content-Length: 4 asdfGET /evilRedirect HTTP/1.1 Host: internaldomain.com ``` Users are only affected if all of this is `true`: * `HTTP2MultiplexCodec` or `Http2FrameCodec` is used * `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec` is used to convert to HTTP/1.1 objects * These HTTP/1.1 objects are forwarded to another remote peer. ### Patches This has been patched in 4.1.60.Final ### Workarounds The user can do the validation by themselves by implementing a custom `ChannelInboundHandler` that is put in the `ChannelPipeline` behind `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec`. ### References Related change to workaround the problem: https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/pull/980

CVE-2021-21295 Affected Netty codec http2 Versions

3 component(s)

Fixed Versions:

4.1.60.Final

Product / Package	Ecosystem	Affected Versions	Fixed Version
io.netty:netty-codec-http2 maven/io.netty/netty-codec-http2	Maven	≥ 4.0.0 < 4.1.60.Final	4.1.60.Final
org.jboss.netty:netty maven/org.jboss.netty/netty	Maven
io.netty:netty maven/io.netty/netty	Maven

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY

https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj

NVD — CVE-2021-21295 NVD

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21295

Netty codec http2 Source Repository REPOSITORY

https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/pull/980

Netty codec http2 Security Information SECURITY

https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html

Netty codec http2 Source Repository REPOSITORY

https://github.com/netty/netty

Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT

https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/89c241e3b1795ff257af4ad6eadc616cb2fb3dc4

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Netty codec http2 Security Information SECURITY

https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4885

Netty codec http2 Security Information SECURITY

https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210604-0003

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2021-21295?

CVE-2021-21295 is a security vulnerability in Netty codec http2 involving Possible request smuggling in HTTP/2 due missing validation under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling').

Which Netty codec http2 versions are affected?

Affected versions include releases prior to 4.1.60.Final across affected packages: io.netty:netty-codec-http2, org.jboss.netty:netty, io.netty:netty.

What version fixes CVE-2021-21295?

Upgrading to 4.1.60.Final (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.

Is netty-codec-http2 affected?

Yes, io.netty:netty-codec-http2 is affected in releases prior to 4.1.60.Final. Upgrade your dependency to 4.1.60.Final or later.

Is netty affected?

Yes, org.jboss.netty:netty is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.

What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-21295?

CVE-2021-21295 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.9 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.

What CWE is associated with CVE-2021-21295?

CVE-2021-21295 is classified under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') (The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.).

How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2021-21295?

Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.netty'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.

Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema

Normalized schema output

View Raw JSON

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj",
  "modified" : "2021-08-31T21:19:12Z",
  "published" : "2021-03-09T18:49:49Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2021-21295" ],
  "summary" : "Possible request smuggling in HTTP/2 due missing validation",
  "details" : "### Impact\nIf a Content-Length header is present in the original HTTP/2 request, the field is not validated by `Http2MultiplexHandler` as it is propagated up.  This is fine as long as the request is not proxied through as HTTP/1.1.\nIf the request comes in as an HTTP/2 stream, gets converted into the HTTP/1.1 domain objects (`HttpRequest`, `HttpContent`, etc.) via `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec `and then sent up to the child channel's pipeline and proxied through a remote peer as HTTP/1.1 this may result in request smuggling.  \n\nIn a proxy case, users  may assume the content-length is validated somehow, which is not the case.  If the request is forwarded to a backend channel that is a HTTP/1.1 connection, the Content-Length now has meaning and needs to be checked.\n\nAn attacker can smuggle requests inside the body as it gets downgraded from HTTP/2 to HTTP/1.1.   A sample attack request looks like:\n\n```\nPOST / HTTP/2\n:authority:: externaldomain.com\nContent-Length: 4\n\nasdfGET /evilRedirect HTTP/1.1\nHost: internaldomain.com\n```\n\nUsers are only affected if all of this is `true`:\n * `HTTP2MultiplexCodec` or `Http2FrameCodec` is used\n * `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec` is used to convert to HTTP/1.1 objects\n * These  HTTP/1.1 objects are forwarded to another remote peer.\n \n\n### Patches\nThis has been patched in 4.1.60.Final\n\n### Workarounds\nThe user can do the validation by themselves by implementing a custom `ChannelInboundHandler` that is put in the `ChannelPipeline` behind `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec`.\n\n### References\nRelated change to workaround the problem: https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/pull/980 ",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.1.60.Final"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.jboss.netty:netty"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 4.0.0"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "io.netty:netty"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 4.0.0"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21295"
  }, {
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    "url" : "https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/pull/980"
  }, {
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  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-444" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2021-03-09T18:47:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2021-03-09T19:15:00Z"
  }
}

CVSS V3

5.9 MODERATE

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)

Attack Complexity High (AC:H)

Privileges Required None (PR:N)

User Interaction None (UI:N)

Scope Unchanged (S:U)

Confidentiality None (C:N)

Integrity High (I:H)

Availability None (A:N)

Vector String

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Advisory Metadata

Source ID: GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj
Schema Version: 1.4.0
Published: 2021-03-09 18:49
Last Modified: 2021-08-31 21:19
Database Record File: advisories/github-reviewed/2021/03/GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj/GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj.json