CVE-2026-72742: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-vg2p-rf25-4wrx
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CVSS 8.6
CWE-73
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-72742 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 8.6) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2026-72742 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-72742
GHSA Identifier GHSA-vg2p-rf25-4wrx
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 8.6
CWE Classification CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 8.6

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2026-72742

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2026-72742, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path, where the product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

DSPy 3.3.0b1 contains a file exfiltration vulnerability in the Image and Audio output field adapters that allows attackers with influence over language model outputs to read arbitrary local files by injecting a filesystem path into the url field of a parsed Image or Audio typed output. The JSONAdapter and ChatAdapter parse untrusted language model completions through parse_value into TypeAdapter validation, which triggers encode_image or encode_audio to read and base64-encode any local file path via the os.path.isfile branch in image.py and audio.py, subsequently embedding the file contents into outgoing prompt messages sent to the attacker-controlled model endpoint.

References

NVD — CVE-2026-72742 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72742
Software Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy/issues/10067
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy/commit/c69136b29aca4c00ca6da7667f7b80783188980e
Software Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dspy-0b1... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dspy-0b1-local-file-read-via-image-audio-output-field-parsing

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-72742?
CVE-2026-72742 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path.
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2026-72742?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-72742?
CVE-2026-72742 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.6 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-72742?
CVE-2026-72742 is classified under CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path (The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2026-72742?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-vg2p-rf25-4wrx",
  "modified" : "2026-08-11T21:33:08Z",
  "published" : "2026-08-11T21:33:08Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-72742" ],
  "details" : "DSPy 3.3.0b1 contains a file exfiltration vulnerability in the Image and Audio output field adapters that allows attackers with influence over language model outputs to read arbitrary local files by injecting a filesystem path into the url field of a parsed Image or Audio typed output. The JSONAdapter and ChatAdapter parse untrusted language model completions through parse_value into TypeAdapter validation, which triggers encode_image or encode_audio to read and base64-encode any local file path via the os.path.isfile branch in image.py and audio.py, subsequently embedding the file contents into outgoing prompt messages sent to the attacker-controlled model endpoint.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72742"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy/issues/10067"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy/commit/c69136b29aca4c00ca6da7667f7b80783188980e"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dspy-0b1-local-file-read-via-image-audio-output-field-parsing"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-73" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-08-11T19:18:49Z"
  }
}