CVE-2025-1520: @posthog/plugin server SQL Injection Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-v64v-fq96-c5wv
Share
CVSS 7.1
CWE-89
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-1520 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.1) sql injection vulnerability (CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')) affecting @posthog/plugin server libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves posthog plugin server sql injection vulnerability. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-1520 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-1520
GHSA Identifier GHSA-v64v-fq96-c5wv
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.1
CWE Classification CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Affected Product @posthog/plugin server
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.1

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Adjacent (AV:A)
Attack Complexity High (AC:H)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-1520

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected @posthog/plugin server dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

@posthog/plugin-server fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install @posthog/plugin-server@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls @posthog/plugin-server

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-1520, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls @posthog/plugin-server

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of @posthog/plugin server in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls @posthog/plugin-server command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of an sql command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended sql command when it is sent to a downstream component. without sufficient removal or quoting of sql syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated sql query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as sql instead of ordinary user data. In @posthog/plugin server, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

PostHog ClickHouse Table Functions SQL Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PostHog. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the implementation of the SQL parser. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to construct SQL queries. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the database account. Was ZDI-CAN-25350.

CVE-2025-1520 Affected @posthog/plugin server Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
@posthog/plugin-server
npm/@posthog/plugin-server
npm
≤ 1.10.7

References

NVD — CVE-2025-1520 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1520
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/PostHog/posthog/commit/6e8f035f9acd339c5ba87ba6ea40fc1ab3053d42
@posthog/plugin server Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/PostHog/plugin-server
www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/zdi-25-0... WEB
https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-099

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-1520?
CVE-2025-1520 is a security vulnerability in @posthog/plugin server involving PostHog Plugin Server SQL Injection Vulnerability under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection').
Which @posthog/plugin server versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: @posthog/plugin-server.
What version fixes CVE-2025-1520?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is @posthog/plugin-server affected?
Yes, @posthog/plugin-server is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-1520?
CVE-2025-1520 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-1520?
CVE-2025-1520 is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-1520?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls @posthog/plugin-server'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-v64v-fq96-c5wv",
  "modified" : "2025-04-23T19:38:40Z",
  "published" : "2025-04-23T18:30:58Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-1520" ],
  "summary" : "PostHog Plugin Server SQL Injection Vulnerability",
  "details" : "PostHog ClickHouse Table Functions SQL Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PostHog. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the implementation of the SQL parser. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to construct SQL queries. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the database account. Was ZDI-CAN-25350.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@posthog/plugin-server"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "1.10.7"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1520"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/PostHog/posthog/commit/6e8f035f9acd339c5ba87ba6ea40fc1ab3053d42"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/PostHog/plugin-server"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-099"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-89" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-04-23T19:38:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-04-23T17:16:52Z"
  }
}