CVE-2026-41496: PraisonAI SQL Injection Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-rg3h-x3jw-7jm5",
  "modified" : "2026-05-12T13:32:02Z",
  "published" : "2026-04-17T22:24:19Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-41496" ],
  "summary" : "PraisonAI: SQL Injection via unvalidated `table_prefix` in 9 conversation store backends (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-40315)",
  "details" : "The fix for [CVE-2026-40315](https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-x783-xp3g-mqhp) added input validation to `SQLiteConversationStore` only. Nine sibling backends — MySQL, PostgreSQL, async SQLite/MySQL/PostgreSQL, Turso, SingleStore, Supabase, SurrealDB — pass `table_prefix` straight into f-string SQL. Same root cause, same code pattern, same exploitation. 52 unvalidated injection points across the codebase.\n\n`postgres.py` additionally accepts an unvalidated `schema` parameter used directly in DDL.\n\n### Severity\n\n**High** — CWE-89 (SQL Injection)\n\nCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N — **8.1**\n\nExploitable in any deployment where `table_prefix` is derived from external input (multi-tenant setups, API-driven configuration, user-modifiable config files). Default config (`\"praison_\"`) is not affected.\n\n### Details\n\nThe [CVE-2026-40315 fix](https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-x783-xp3g-mqhp) added this guard to `sqlite.py:52`:\n\n```python\n# sqlite.py — PATCHED\nimport re\nif not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', table_prefix):\n    raise ValueError(\"table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores\")\n```\n\nThe following backends perform the identical `table_prefix → f-string SQL` pattern **without this guard**:\n\n| Backend          | File                                         | Line            | Injection points        |\n| ---------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------- |\n| MySQL            | `persistence/conversation/mysql.py`          | 65              | 5                       |\n| PostgreSQL       | `persistence/conversation/postgres.py`       | 89 (+schema:88) | 10                      |\n| Async SQLite     | `persistence/conversation/async_sqlite.py`   | 43              | 13                      |\n| Async MySQL      | `persistence/conversation/async_mysql.py`    | 65              | 13                      |\n| Async PostgreSQL | `persistence/conversation/async_postgres.py` | 63              | 13                      |\n| Turso/LibSQL     | `persistence/conversation/turso.py`          | 66              | 9                       |\n| SingleStore      | `persistence/conversation/singlestore.py`    | 51              | 7                       |\n| Supabase         | `persistence/conversation/supabase.py`       | 68              | 9                       |\n| SurrealDB        | `persistence/conversation/surrealdb.py`      | 57              | 8                       |\n| **Total**        | **9 backends**                               |                 | **52 injection points** |\n\nAdditionally, `praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/storage/backends.py:179` (`SQLiteBackend`) accepts `table_name` without validation.\n\n### PoC\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"\nDemonstrates: sqlite.py rejects malicious table_prefix, mysql.py accepts it.\nRun: python3 poc.py  (no dependencies required)\n\"\"\"\nimport re\n\npayload = \"x'; DROP TABLE users; --\"\n\n# ── SQLite (patched) ────────────────────────────────────────────────\ntry:\n    if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', payload):\n        raise ValueError(\"blocked\")\n    print(f\"[SQLite] FAIL — accepted: {payload}\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(f\"[SQLite] OK — rejected malicious table_prefix\")\n\n# ── MySQL (unpatched) ───────────────────────────────────────────────\nsessions_table = f\"{payload}sessions\"\nsql = f\"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {sessions_table} (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)\"\nprint(f\"[MySQL]  VULN — generated SQL:\\n  {sql}\")\n\n# ── PostgreSQL (unpatched — both table_prefix AND schema) ──────────\nschema = \"public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --\"\nsessions_table = f\"{schema}.praison_sessions\"\nsql = f\"CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}\"\nprint(f\"[Postgres] VULN — schema injection:\\n  {sql}\")\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```\n[SQLite] OK — rejected malicious table_prefix\n[MySQL]  VULN — generated SQL:\n  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS x'; DROP TABLE users; --sessions (session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY)\n[Postgres] VULN — schema injection:\n  CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS public; DROP SCHEMA data CASCADE; --\n```\n\n### Vulnerable code (mysql.py, representative)\n\n```python\n# mysql.py:65-67 — NO validation\nself.table_prefix = table_prefix                    # ← raw input\nself.sessions_table = f\"{table_prefix}sessions\"     # ← into identifier\nself.messages_table = f\"{table_prefix}messages\"\n\n# mysql.py:105 — straight into DDL\ncur.execute(f\"\"\"\n    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {self.sessions_table} (\n        session_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY, ...\n    )\n\"\"\")\n```\n\nCompare with the patched `sqlite.py:52`:\n\n```python\n# sqlite.py:52-53 — HAS validation\nif not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*$', table_prefix):\n    raise ValueError(\"table_prefix must contain only alphanumeric characters and underscores\")\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen `table_prefix` originates from untrusted input — multi-tenant tenant names, API request parameters, user-editable config — an attacker achieves **arbitrary SQL execution** against the backing database. The injected SQL runs in the context of DDL and DML operations (CREATE TABLE, INSERT, SELECT, DELETE), giving the attacker read/write/delete access to the entire database.\n\nPostgreSQL's `schema` parameter adds a second injection vector in DDL (`CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {schema}`).",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "praisonai"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.5.149"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 4.5.148"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "praisonaiagents"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.6.8"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 1.6.7"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-rg3h-x3jw-7jm5"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41496"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-89" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-04-17T22:24:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-05-08T14:16:33Z"
  }
}