CVE-2025-9095: Express gateway Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-q4rg-7cjj-5r86
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CVSS 3.5
CWE-79
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-9095 is a MODERATE (CVSS 3.5) cross-site scripting vulnerability (CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')) affecting Express gateway libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves expressgateway cross-site scripting vulnerability in lib/rest/routes/users.js. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-9095 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-9095
GHSA Identifier GHSA-q4rg-7cjj-5r86
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 3.5
CWE Classification CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Affected Product Express gateway
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 3.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction Required (UI:R)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-9095

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Express gateway dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

express-gateway fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install express-gateway@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls express-gateway

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-9095, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls express-gateway

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Express gateway in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls express-gateway command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'), where the product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users. In Express gateway, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A cross-site scripting (XSS) issue exists in ExpressGateway up to 1.16.10 in the REST endpoint implemented in lib/rest/routes/users.js. User-controlled input is reflected into the HTTP response without proper sanitization, allowing arbitrary JavaScript execution in the browser of a logged-in user who views the affected page/route. The attack can be triggered over the network with low complexity and requires a low-privileged authenticated context and user interaction (viewing the page). Impact is limited to confidentiality and integrity of the session in the affected UI.

CVE-2025-9095 Affected Express gateway Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
express-gateway
npm/express-gateway
npm
≤ 1.16.10

References

NVD — CVE-2025-9095 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9095
Express gateway Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/freshfish-hust/my-cves/issues/5
Express gateway Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/freshfish-hust/my-cves/issues/5#issue-3286622393
Express gateway Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/ExpressGateway/express-gateway
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.320417
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?id.320417
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?submit.627709

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-9095?
CVE-2025-9095 is a security vulnerability in Express gateway involving ExpressGateway Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability in lib/rest/routes/users.js under CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting').
Which Express gateway versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: express-gateway.
What version fixes CVE-2025-9095?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is express-gateway affected?
Yes, express-gateway is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-9095?
CVE-2025-9095 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 3.5 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-9095?
CVE-2025-9095 is classified under CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') (The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-9095?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls express-gateway'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-q4rg-7cjj-5r86",
  "modified" : "2025-09-23T20:30:08Z",
  "published" : "2025-08-18T00:30:30Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-9095" ],
  "summary" : "ExpressGateway Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability in lib/rest/routes/users.js",
  "details" : "A cross-site scripting (XSS) issue exists in ExpressGateway up to 1.16.10 in the REST endpoint implemented in lib/rest/routes/users.js. User-controlled input is reflected into the HTTP response without proper sanitization, allowing arbitrary JavaScript execution in the browser of a logged-in user who views the affected page/route. The attack can be triggered over the network with low complexity and requires a low-privileged authenticated context and user interaction (viewing the page). Impact is limited to confidentiality and integrity of the session in the affected UI.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "express-gateway"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "1.16.10"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9095"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/freshfish-hust/my-cves/issues/5"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/freshfish-hust/my-cves/issues/5#issue-3286622393"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ExpressGateway/express-gateway"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.320417"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?id.320417"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?submit.627709"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-79" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-08-19T16:10:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-08-17T23:15:28Z"
  }
}