CVE-2025-41243: Spring Framework Spring Expression Language Property Modification Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-q2cj-h8fw-q4cc
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CVSS 10.0
CWE-94
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-41243 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 10.0) spring expression language property modification vulnerability (CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')) affecting Spring Framework libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves spring expression language property modification using spring cloud gateway server webflux. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.2.5, 4.3.1.

CVE-2025-41243 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-41243
GHSA Identifier GHSA-q2cj-h8fw-q4cc
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 10.0
CWE Classification CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Affected Product Spring Framework
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 10.0

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-41243

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Spring Framework dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux fixed: 4.2.5 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.5</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux fixed: 4.3.1 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.1</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-41243, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Spring Framework in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.2.5), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment. In Spring Framework, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux may be vulnerable to Spring Environment property modification. An application should be considered vulnerable when all the following are true: * The application is using Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux (Spring Cloud Gateway Server WebMVC is not vulnerable). * Spring Boot actuator is a dependency. * The Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux actuator web endpoint is enabled via management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=gateway. * The actuator endpoints are available to attackers. * The actuator endpoints are unsecured.

CVE-2025-41243 Affected Spring Framework Versions

4 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
4.2.54.3.1
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux
Maven
≥ 3.1.0
≤ 3.1.10
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux
Maven
≥ 4.0.0
≤ 4.1.10
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux
Maven
≥ 4.2.0
< 4.2.5
4.2.5
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux
Maven
≥ 4.3.0
< 4.3.1
4.3.1

References

NVD — CVE-2025-41243 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41243
Spring Framework Security Information SECURITY
https://spring.io/security/cve-2025-41243

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-41243?
CVE-2025-41243 is a security vulnerability in Spring Framework involving Spring Expression language property modification using Spring Cloud Gateway Server WebFlux under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection').
Which Spring Framework versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 4.2.5, 4.3.1 across affected packages: org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux.
What version fixes CVE-2025-41243?
Upgrading to 4.2.5, 4.3.1 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux affected?
Yes, org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release, 4.2.5, 4.3.1. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release, 4.2.5, 4.3.1 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-41243?
CVE-2025-41243 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 10.0 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-41243?
CVE-2025-41243 is classified under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-41243?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-q2cj-h8fw-q4cc",
  "modified" : "2025-09-16T20:20:00Z",
  "published" : "2025-09-16T15:32:37Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-41243" ],
  "summary" : "Spring Expression language property modification using Spring Cloud Gateway Server WebFlux",
  "details" : "Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux may be vulnerable to Spring Environment property modification.\n\nAn application should be considered vulnerable when all the following are true:\n\n  *  The application is using Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux (Spring Cloud Gateway Server WebMVC is not vulnerable).\n  *  Spring Boot actuator is a dependency.\n  *  The Spring Cloud Gateway Server Webflux actuator web endpoint is enabled via management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=gateway.\n  *  The actuator endpoints are available to attackers.\n  *  The actuator endpoints are unsecured.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.1.0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "3.1.10"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.0.0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "4.1.10"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.2.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.2.5"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.3.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.3.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41243"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://spring.io/security/cve-2025-41243"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-94" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-09-16T20:20:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-09-16T15:15:44Z"
  }
}