CVE-2025-32031: @apollo/gateway Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
HIGHCVE-2025-32031 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling) affecting @apollo/gateway libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves apollo gateway query planner vulnerable to excessive resource consumption via optimization bypass. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 2.10.1.
CVE-2025-32031 at a Glance
Security Impact
CVSS: 7.5
The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
How to Fix CVE-2025-32031
To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected @apollo/gateway dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.
npm install @apollo/gateway@2.10.1Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:
npm ls @apollo/gatewayHow to Check if You Are Affected
To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-32031, inspect your project dependencies using npm:
npm ls @apollo/gatewayAnalyze the terminal output to locate any version of @apollo/gateway in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 2.10.1), your application is affected.
Note: The npm ls @apollo/gateway command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.
Technical Details
Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis
This vulnerability is classified under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling, where the product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated. In @apollo/gateway, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.
Source Advisory Statement
CVE-2025-32031 Affected @apollo/gateway Versions
1 component(s)| Product / Package | Ecosystem | Affected Versions | Fixed Version |
|---|---|---|---|
|
@apollo/gateway
|
npm |
< 2.10.1
|
2.10.1
|
References
Frequently Asked Questions
What is CVE-2025-32031?
Which @apollo/gateway versions are affected?
What version fixes CVE-2025-32031?
Is @apollo/gateway affected?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-32031?
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-32031?
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-32031?
Machine-readable OSV JSON
OSV v1.5 Schema
{
"schema_version" : "1.4.0",
"id" : "GHSA-p2q6-pwh5-m6jr",
"modified" : "2025-04-08T17:50:52Z",
"published" : "2025-04-07T19:03:16Z",
"aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-32031" ],
"summary" : "Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass",
"details" : "# Impact\n\n## Summary\n\nA vulnerability in Apollo Gateway allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service.\n\n## Details\n\nThe query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can render gateway inoperable.\n\n## Fix/Mitigation\n\n- A new **Query Optimization Limit** metric has been added:\n - This metric approximates the number of selections that cannot be skipped by the existing optimization.\n - The metric is checked against a limit to prevent excessive computation.\n\nGiven the complexity of query planning optimizations, we will continue refining these solutions based on real-world performance and accuracy tests.\n\n# Patches\n\nThis has been remediated in `@apollo/gateway` version 2.10.1.\n\n# Workarounds\n\nNo known direct workarounds exist.\n\n# References\n\n[Query Planning Documentation](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/reference/federation/query-plans)\n\n## Acknowledgements\n\nWe appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query planning mechanisms.",
"severity" : [ {
"type" : "CVSS_V3",
"score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
} ],
"affected" : [ {
"package" : {
"ecosystem" : "npm",
"name" : "@apollo/gateway"
},
"ranges" : [ {
"type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
"events" : [ {
"introduced" : "0"
}, {
"fixed" : "2.10.1"
} ]
} ]
} ],
"references" : [ {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/federation/security/advisories/GHSA-p2q6-pwh5-m6jr"
}, {
"type" : "ADVISORY",
"url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32031"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/federation/pull/3236"
}, {
"type" : "PACKAGE",
"url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/federation"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/federation/releases/tag/%40apollo%2Fgateway%402.10.1"
} ],
"database_specific" : {
"cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-770" ],
"severity" : "HIGH",
"github_reviewed" : true,
"github_reviewed_at" : "2025-04-07T19:03:16Z",
"nvd_published_at" : "2025-04-07T21:15:43Z"
}
}