CVE-2025-12058: Keras Keras Is Vulnerable To Arbitrary Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-mq84-hjqx-cwf2
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CWE-502 CWE-918
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-12058 is a MODERATE keras is vulnerable to arbitrary vulnerability (CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data) affecting Keras libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves keras is vulnerable to arbitrary local file loading and server-side request forgery. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.12.0.

CVE-2025-12058 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-12058
GHSA Identifier GHSA-mq84-hjqx-cwf2
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Affected Product Keras
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-12058

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Keras dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

keras fixed: 3.12.0 
pip install keras>=3.12.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show keras

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2025-12058, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show keras

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Keras in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.12.0), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show keras command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data, where the product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid. In Keras, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

The Keras.Model.load_model method, including when executed with the intended security mitigation safe_mode=True, is vulnerable to arbitrary local file loading and Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). This vulnerability stems from the way the StringLookup layer is handled during model loading from a specially crafted .keras archive. The constructor for the StringLookup layer accepts a vocabulary argument that can specify a local file path or a remote file path. * Arbitrary Local File Read: An attacker can create a malicious .keras file that embeds a local path in the StringLookup layer's configuration. When the model is loaded, Keras will attempt to read the content of the specified local file and incorporate it into the model state (e.g., retrievable via get_vocabulary()), allowing an attacker to read arbitrary local files on the hosting system. * Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): Keras utilizes tf.io.gfile for file operations. Since tf.io.gfile supports remote filesystem handlers (such as GCS and HDFS) and HTTP/HTTPS protocols, the same mechanism can be leveraged to fetch content from arbitrary network endpoints on the server's behalf, resulting in an SSRF condition. The security issue is that the feature allowing external path loading was not properly restricted by the safe_mode=True flag, which was intended to prevent such unintended data access.

CVE-2025-12058 Affected Keras Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.12.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
keras
pypi/keras
PyPI
< 3.12.0
3.12.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-qg93-c7p6-gg7f
NVD — CVE-2025-12058 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12058
Keras Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21751
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/61ac8c1e51862c471dee7b49029c356f55531487
Keras Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/keras-team/keras
CVE Official Record — CVE-2025-12058 CVE
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12058

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-12058?
CVE-2025-12058 is a security vulnerability in Keras involving Keras is vulnerable to arbitrary local file loading and Server-Side Request Forgery under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data.
Which Keras versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.12.0 across affected packages: keras.
What version fixes CVE-2025-12058?
Upgrading to 3.12.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is keras affected?
Yes, keras is affected in releases prior to 3.12.0. Upgrade your dependency to 3.12.0 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-12058?
CVE-2025-12058 is classified under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data (The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2025-12058?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show keras'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-mq84-hjqx-cwf2",
  "modified" : "2025-10-29T16:04:40Z",
  "published" : "2025-10-29T09:30:22Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-12058" ],
  "summary" : "Keras is vulnerable to arbitrary local file loading and Server-Side Request Forgery",
  "details" : "The Keras.Model.load_model method, including when executed with the intended security mitigation safe_mode=True, is vulnerable to arbitrary local file loading and Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF).\n\n\nThis vulnerability stems from the way the StringLookup layer is handled during model loading from a specially crafted .keras archive. The constructor for the StringLookup layer accepts a vocabulary argument that can specify a local file path or a remote file path.\n\n  *  Arbitrary Local File Read: An attacker can create a malicious .keras file that embeds a local path in the StringLookup layer's configuration. When the model is loaded, Keras will attempt to read the content of the specified local file and incorporate it into the model state (e.g., retrievable via get_vocabulary()), allowing an attacker to read arbitrary local files on the hosting system.\n\n\n  *  Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): Keras utilizes tf.io.gfile for file operations. Since tf.io.gfile supports remote filesystem handlers (such as GCS and HDFS) and HTTP/HTTPS protocols, the same mechanism can be leveraged to fetch content from arbitrary network endpoints on the server's behalf, resulting in an SSRF condition.\n\n\nThe security issue is that the feature allowing external path loading was not properly restricted by the safe_mode=True flag, which was intended to prevent such unintended data access.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "keras"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.12.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-qg93-c7p6-gg7f"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12058"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21751"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/61ac8c1e51862c471dee7b49029c356f55531487"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12058"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-502", "CWE-918" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-10-29T16:04:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-10-29T09:15:35Z"
  }
}