CVE-2025-27819: Kafka 2.10 Apache Kafka Deserialization Of Untrusted Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-mcwh-c9pg-xw43
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CVSS 8.8
CWE-502
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-27819 is a HIGH (CVSS 8.8) apache kafka deserialization of untrusted vulnerability (CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data) affecting Kafka 2.10 libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves apache kafka deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.4.0.

CVE-2025-27819 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-27819
GHSA Identifier GHSA-mcwh-c9pg-xw43
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 8.8
CWE Classification CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Affected Product Kafka 2.10
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 8.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-27819

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Kafka 2.10 dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.10 fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.10</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.11 fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.11</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.12 fixed: 3.4.0 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.12</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.13 fixed: 3.4.0 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.13</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.8.0 fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.8.0</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.8.2 fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.8.2</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.9.1 fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.9.1</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.9.2 fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.9.2</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.kafka

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-27819, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.kafka

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Kafka 2.10 in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.4.0), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.kafka command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data, where the product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid. In Kafka 2.10, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

In CVE-2023-25194, we announced the RCE/Denial of service attack via SASL JAAS JndiLoginModule configuration in Kafka Connect API. But not only Kafka Connect API is vulnerable to this attack, the Apache Kafka brokers also have this vulnerability. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker needs to be able to connect to the Kafka cluster and have the AlterConfigs permission on the cluster resource. Since Apache Kafka 3.4.0, we have added a system property ("-Dorg.apache.kafka.disallowed.login.modules") to disable the problematic login modules usage in SASL JAAS configuration. Also by default "com.sun.security.auth.module.JndiLoginModule" is disabled in Apache Kafka 3.4.0, and "com.sun.security.auth.module.JndiLoginModule,com.sun.security.auth.module.LdapLoginModule" is disabled by default in in Apache Kafka 3.9.1/4.0.0

CVE-2025-27819 Affected Kafka 2.10 Versions

8 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.4.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.10
maven/org.apache.kafka/kafka_2.10
Maven
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.11
maven/org.apache.kafka/kafka_2.11
Maven
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.12
maven/org.apache.kafka/kafka_2.12
Maven
< 3.4.0
3.4.0
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.13
maven/org.apache.kafka/kafka_2.13
Maven
< 3.4.0
3.4.0
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.8.0
maven/org.apache.kafka/kafka_2.8.0
Maven
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.8.2
maven/org.apache.kafka/kafka_2.8.2
Maven
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.9.1
maven/org.apache.kafka/kafka_2.9.1
Maven
org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.9.2
maven/org.apache.kafka/kafka_2.9.2
Maven

References

NVD — CVE-2025-27819 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27819
GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-26f8-x7cc-wqpc
Kafka 2.10 Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apache/kafka
kafka.apache.org/cve-list WEB
https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-27819?
CVE-2025-27819 is a security vulnerability in Kafka 2.10 involving Apache Kafka Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data.
Which Kafka 2.10 versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.4.0 across affected packages: org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.10, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.11, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.12, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.13, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.8.0, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.8.2, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.9.1, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.9.2.
What version fixes CVE-2025-27819?
Upgrading to 3.4.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is kafka_2.10 affected?
Yes, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.10 is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
Is kafka_2.11 affected?
Yes, org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.11 is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-27819?
CVE-2025-27819 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-27819?
CVE-2025-27819 is classified under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data (The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-27819?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.kafka'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-mcwh-c9pg-xw43",
  "modified" : "2025-12-11T20:20:13Z",
  "published" : "2025-06-10T09:30:31Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-27819" ],
  "summary" : "Apache Kafka Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability",
  "details" : "In CVE-2023-25194, we announced the RCE/Denial of service attack via SASL JAAS JndiLoginModule configuration in Kafka Connect API. But not only Kafka Connect API is vulnerable to this attack, the Apache Kafka brokers also have this vulnerability. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker needs to be able to connect to the Kafka cluster and have the AlterConfigs permission on the cluster resource.\n\n\nSince Apache Kafka 3.4.0, we have added a system property (\"-Dorg.apache.kafka.disallowed.login.modules\") to disable the problematic login modules usage in SASL JAAS configuration. Also by default \"com.sun.security.auth.module.JndiLoginModule\" is disabled in Apache Kafka 3.4.0, and \"com.sun.security.auth.module.JndiLoginModule,com.sun.security.auth.module.LdapLoginModule\" is disabled by default in in Apache Kafka 3.9.1/4.0.0",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.10"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 3.4.0"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.11"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 3.4.0"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.12"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.4.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.13"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.4.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.8.0"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 3.4.0"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.8.2"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 3.4.0"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.9.1"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 3.4.0"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.9.2"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 3.4.0"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27819"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-26f8-x7cc-wqpc"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/kafka"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-502" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-06-10T20:21:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-06-10T08:15:22Z"
  }
}