CVE-2025-8419: Keycloak services Keycloak SMTP Inject Vulnerability Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-m4j5-5x4r-2xp9
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CVSS 5.3
CWE-93
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-8419 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.3) keycloak smtp inject vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')) affecting Keycloak services libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves keycloak smtp inject vulnerability. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 26.2.8, 26.3.3.

CVE-2025-8419 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-8419
GHSA Identifier GHSA-m4j5-5x4r-2xp9
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.3
CWE Classification CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Affected Product Keycloak services
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.3

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-8419

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Keycloak services dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.keycloak:keycloak-services fixed: 26.2.8 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.keycloak</groupId>
    <artifactId>keycloak-services</artifactId>
    <version>26.2.8</version>
</dependency>
org.keycloak:keycloak-services fixed: 26.3.3 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.keycloak</groupId>
    <artifactId>keycloak-services</artifactId>
    <version>26.3.3</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.keycloak

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-8419, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.keycloak

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Keycloak services in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 26.2.8), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.keycloak command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection'), where the product uses crlf (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes crlf sequences from inputs. In Keycloak services, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Special characters used during e-mail registration may perform SMTP Injection and unexpectedly send short unwanted e-mails. The email is limited to 64 characters (limited local part of the email), so the attack is limited to very shorts emails (subject and little data, the example is 60 chars). This flaw's only direct consequence is an unsolicited email being sent from the Keycloak server. However, this action could be a precursor for more sophisticated attacks.

CVE-2025-8419 Affected Keycloak services Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
26.2.826.3.3
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.keycloak:keycloak-services
maven/org.keycloak/keycloak-services
Maven
< 26.2.8
26.2.8
org.keycloak:keycloak-services
maven/org.keycloak/keycloak-services
Maven
≥ 26.3.0
< 26.3.3
26.3.3

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-m4j5-5x4r-2xp9
NVD — CVE-2025-8419 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8419
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2025:15... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15336
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2025:15... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15337
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2025:15... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15338
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2025:15... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15339
Keycloak services Security Information SECURITY
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-8419
bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi WEB
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2385776
Keycloak services Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-8419?
CVE-2025-8419 is a security vulnerability in Keycloak services involving Keycloak SMTP Inject Vulnerability under CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection').
Which Keycloak services versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 26.2.8, 26.3.3 across affected packages: org.keycloak:keycloak-services.
What version fixes CVE-2025-8419?
Upgrading to 26.2.8, 26.3.3 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is keycloak-services affected?
Yes, org.keycloak:keycloak-services is affected in releases prior to 26.2.8, 26.3.3. Upgrade your dependency to 26.2.8, 26.3.3 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-8419?
CVE-2025-8419 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-8419?
CVE-2025-8419 is classified under CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') (The product uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-8419?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.keycloak'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-m4j5-5x4r-2xp9",
  "modified" : "2025-09-17T20:24:07Z",
  "published" : "2025-09-17T20:24:07Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-8419" ],
  "summary" : "Keycloak SMTP Inject Vulnerability",
  "details" : "Special characters used during e-mail registration may perform SMTP Injection and unexpectedly send short unwanted e-mails. The email is limited to 64 characters (limited local part of the email), so the attack is limited to very shorts emails (subject and little data, the example is 60 chars). This flaw's only direct consequence is an unsolicited email being sent from the Keycloak server. However, this action could be a precursor for more sophisticated attacks.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "26.2.8"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "26.3.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "26.3.3"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-m4j5-5x4r-2xp9"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8419"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15336"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15337"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15338"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15339"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-8419"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2385776"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-93" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-09-17T20:24:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : null
  }
}