GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q: Duplicate Advisory Vm2 Sandbox Escape On Node.js Vulnerability

CRITICAL
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-693
Published
Advisory Summary

GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) vm2 sandbox escape on node.js vulnerability (CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure) affecting Duplicate Advisory libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves vm2 sandbox escape on node.js 26 through a stale promisethenlookupchain protector. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q at a Glance

CVE Identifier N/A
GHSA Identifier GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure
Affected Product Duplicate Advisory
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Duplicate Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

vm2 fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install vm2@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls vm2

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls vm2

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Duplicate Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls vm2 command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure, where the product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product. In Duplicate Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-27g9-p43v-cw3v. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ## Original Description vm2 versions 3.10.2 through 3.11.6 contain a sandbox escape vulnerability on Node.js 26 where Promise.prototype.finally() bypasses vm2's wrapper protections due to a stale PromiseThenLookupChain protector in V8 14.6. Attackers can exploit this by creating an async function that returns a Promise with an attacker-controlled constructor Symbol.species, allowing them to reach the host Function constructor and process object for arbitrary code execution.

GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q Affected Duplicate Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
vm2
npm/vm2
npm
≥ 3.10.2
≤ 3.11.6

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-27g9-p43v-cw3v
NVD — GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92944
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/4635ddd85839461c8ad791990023a477efefe7bd
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/7b26e81087ec88c287d9a4812f969d412f32774e
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-3.10... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-3.10.2-through-3.11.6-sandbox-escape-via-promise-protector

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q?
GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q is a security vulnerability in Duplicate Advisory involving vm2 sandbox escape on Node.js 26 through a stale PromiseThenLookupChain protector under CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure.
Which Duplicate Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: vm2.
What version fixes GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is vm2 affected?
Yes, vm2 is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q?
GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q?
GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q is classified under CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure (The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.).
How can I check npm dependencies for GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls vm2'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-hwr5-cm8v-c76q",
  "modified" : "2026-10-01T15:27:57Z",
  "published" : "2026-09-17T15:32:14Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2026-10-01T15:27:57Z",
  "aliases" : [ ],
  "summary" : "Duplicate Advisory: vm2 sandbox escape on Node.js 26 through a stale PromiseThenLookupChain protector",
  "details" : "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-27g9-p43v-cw3v. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nvm2 versions 3.10.2 through 3.11.6 contain a sandbox escape vulnerability on Node.js 26 where Promise.prototype.finally() bypasses vm2's wrapper protections due to a stale PromiseThenLookupChain protector in V8 14.6. Attackers can exploit this by creating an async function that returns a Promise with an attacker-controlled constructor Symbol.species, allowing them to reach the host Function constructor and process object for arbitrary code execution.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "vm2"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.10.2"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "3.11.6"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-27g9-p43v-cw3v"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92944"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/4635ddd85839461c8ad791990023a477efefe7bd"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/7b26e81087ec88c287d9a4812f969d412f32774e"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-3.10.2-through-3.11.6-sandbox-escape-via-promise-protector"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-693" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-10-01T15:27:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-09-17T14:17:59Z"
  }
}