CVE-2022-31605: Nvflare Unsafe Yaml Deserialization Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-hrf3-622q-8366
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-502
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2022-31605 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) unsafe yaml deserialization vulnerability (CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data) affecting Nvflare libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves unsafe yaml deserialization in nvflare. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 2.1.2.

CVE-2022-31605 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2022-31605
GHSA Identifier GHSA-hrf3-622q-8366
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Affected Product Nvflare
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2022-31605

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Nvflare dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

nvflare fixed: 2.1.2 
pip install nvflare>=2.1.2
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show nvflare

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2022-31605, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show nvflare

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Nvflare in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 2.1.2), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show nvflare command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data, where the product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid. In Nvflare, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact NVFLARE contains a vulnerability in its utils module, where YAML files are loaded via yaml.load() instead of yaml.safe_load(). The deserialization of Untrusted Data, may allow an unprivileged network attacker to cause Remote Code Execution, Denial Of Service, and Impact to both Confidentiality and Integrity. All versions before 2.1.2 are affected. CVSS Score = 9.8 [AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H](https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnvd.nist.gov%2Fvuln-metrics%2Fcvss%2Fv3-calculator%3Fvector%3DAV%3AN%2FAC%3AL%2FPR%3AN%2FUI%3AN%2FS%3AU%2FC%3AH%2FI%3AH%2FA%3AH&data=05%7C01%7Cchesterc%40nvidia.com%7Ce9600bde16854b0b380008da4fc544f7%7C43083d15727340c1b7db39efd9ccc17a%7C0%7C0%7C637910005925574215%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=5kBrXEmAbqp8R31JCH%2FG95MUly72UPVihnBwiRFmvBY%3D&reserved=0) ### Patches The patch will be included in nvflare==2.1.2 ### Workarounds Change yaml.load() to yaml.safe_load() ### Additional information Issue Found by: Oliver Sellwood (@Nintorac)

CVE-2022-31605 Affected Nvflare Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
2.1.2
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
nvflare
pypi/nvflare
PyPI
< 2.1.2
2.1.2

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/NVIDIA/NVFlare/security/advisories/GHSA-hrf3-622q-8366
Nvflare Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/NVIDIA/NVFlare
Nvflare Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/nvflare/PYSEC-2022-232.yaml
NVD — CVE-2022-31605 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31605
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/NVIDIA/NVFlare/commit/4de9782697ecb12f39bcae83221bd8d3498959be

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2022-31605?
CVE-2022-31605 is a security vulnerability in Nvflare involving Unsafe yaml deserialization in NVFlare under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data.
Which Nvflare versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 2.1.2 across affected packages: nvflare.
What version fixes CVE-2022-31605?
Upgrading to 2.1.2 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is nvflare affected?
Yes, nvflare is affected in releases prior to 2.1.2. Upgrade your dependency to 2.1.2 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-31605?
CVE-2022-31605 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2022-31605?
CVE-2022-31605 is classified under CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data (The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2022-31605?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show nvflare'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-hrf3-622q-8366",
  "modified" : "2022-06-22T21:22:46Z",
  "published" : "2022-06-22T21:22:46Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2022-31605" ],
  "summary" : "Unsafe yaml deserialization in NVFlare",
  "details" : "### Impact\nNVFLARE contains a vulnerability in its utils module, where YAML files are loaded via yaml.load() instead of yaml.safe_load(). The deserialization of Untrusted Data, may allow an unprivileged network attacker to cause Remote Code Execution, Denial Of Service, and Impact to both Confidentiality and Integrity.\n\nAll versions before 2.1.2 are affected.\nCVSS Score = 9.8\n[AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H](https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnvd.nist.gov%2Fvuln-metrics%2Fcvss%2Fv3-calculator%3Fvector%3DAV%3AN%2FAC%3AL%2FPR%3AN%2FUI%3AN%2FS%3AU%2FC%3AH%2FI%3AH%2FA%3AH&data=05%7C01%7Cchesterc%40nvidia.com%7Ce9600bde16854b0b380008da4fc544f7%7C43083d15727340c1b7db39efd9ccc17a%7C0%7C0%7C637910005925574215%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=5kBrXEmAbqp8R31JCH%2FG95MUly72UPVihnBwiRFmvBY%3D&reserved=0)\n\n\n### Patches\n\nThe patch will be included in nvflare==2.1.2\n\n\n### Workarounds\nChange yaml.load() to yaml.safe_load()\n\n### Additional information\nIssue Found by: Oliver Sellwood (@Nintorac)\n\n",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "nvflare"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.1.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/NVIDIA/NVFlare/security/advisories/GHSA-hrf3-622q-8366"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31605"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/NVIDIA/NVFlare/commit/4de9782697ecb12f39bcae83221bd8d3498959be"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/NVIDIA/NVFlare"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/nvflare/PYSEC-2022-232.yaml"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-502" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2022-06-22T21:22:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2022-07-01T18:15:00Z"
  }
}