CVE-2023-52428: Nimbus jose jwt Denial of Service Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-gvpg-vgmx-xg6w
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-400 CWE-770
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2023-52428 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) affecting Nimbus jose jwt libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves denial of service in connect2id nimbus jose+jwt. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 9.37.2.

CVE-2023-52428 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2023-52428
GHSA Identifier GHSA-gvpg-vgmx-xg6w
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Affected Product Nimbus jose jwt
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2023-52428

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Nimbus jose jwt dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt fixed: 9.37.2 
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.nimbusds</groupId>
    <artifactId>nimbus-jose-jwt</artifactId>
    <version>9.37.2</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=com.nimbusds

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2023-52428, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=com.nimbusds

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Nimbus jose jwt in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 9.37.2), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=com.nimbusds command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption, where the product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource. In Nimbus jose jwt, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

In Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 9.37.2, an attacker can cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large JWE p2c header value (aka iteration count) for the PasswordBasedDecrypter (PBKDF2) component.

CVE-2023-52428 Affected Nimbus jose jwt Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
9.37.2
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt
maven/com.nimbusds/nimbus-jose-jwt
Maven
< 9.37.2
9.37.2

References

NVD — CVE-2023-52428 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52428
bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-j... PACKAGE
https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt
bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-j... WEB
https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/commits/3b3b77e
bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-j... WEB
https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/526
connect2id.com/products/nimbus-jos... WEB
https://connect2id.com/products/nimbus-jose-jwt

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2023-52428?
CVE-2023-52428 is a security vulnerability in Nimbus jose jwt involving Denial of Service in Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption.
Which Nimbus jose jwt versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 9.37.2 across affected packages: com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt.
What version fixes CVE-2023-52428?
Upgrading to 9.37.2 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is nimbus-jose-jwt affected?
Yes, com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt is affected in releases prior to 9.37.2. Upgrade your dependency to 9.37.2 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-52428?
CVE-2023-52428 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2023-52428?
CVE-2023-52428 is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2023-52428?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=com.nimbusds'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-gvpg-vgmx-xg6w",
  "modified" : "2024-10-30T21:32:55Z",
  "published" : "2024-02-11T06:30:27Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2023-52428" ],
  "summary" : "Denial of Service in Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT",
  "details" : "In Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 9.37.2, an attacker can cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large JWE p2c header value (aka iteration count) for the PasswordBasedDecrypter (PBKDF2) component.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "9.37.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52428"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/commits/3b3b77e"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/526"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://connect2id.com/products/nimbus-jose-jwt"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-400", "CWE-770" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2024-03-15T14:23:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2024-02-11T05:15:08Z"
  }
}