CVE-2025-14969: Hibernate reactive core Denial of Service Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-frpp-8pwq-hjrx
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CVSS 4.3
CWE-772
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-14969 is a MODERATE (CVSS 4.3) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-772: Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime) affecting Hibernate reactive core libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves hibernate reactive vulnerable to dos via connection pool exhaustion. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.2.1.

CVE-2025-14969 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-14969
GHSA Identifier GHSA-frpp-8pwq-hjrx
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 4.3
CWE Classification CWE-772: Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime
Affected Product Hibernate reactive core
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 4.3

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability Low (A:L)

How to Fix CVE-2025-14969

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Hibernate reactive core dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.hibernate.reactive:hibernate-reactive-core fixed: 4.2.1 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate.reactive</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-reactive-core</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.1</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.hibernate.reactive

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-14969, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.hibernate.reactive

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Hibernate reactive core in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.2.1), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.hibernate.reactive command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-772: Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime, where the product does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed. In Hibernate reactive core, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A flaw was found in Hibernate Reactive. When an HTTP endpoint is exposed to perform database operations, a remote client can prematurely close the HTTP connection. This action may lead to leaking connections from the database connection pool, potentially causing a Denial of Service (DoS) by exhausting available database connections.

CVE-2025-14969 Affected Hibernate reactive core Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
4.2.1
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.hibernate.reactive:hibernate-reactive-core
maven/org.hibernate.reactive/hibernate-reactive-core
Maven
< 4.2.1
4.2.1

References

NVD — CVE-2025-14969 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14969
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/hibernate/hibernate-reactive/commit/cd7f104e10de918004707ca0e26e3840976f780a
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2026:19... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1965
Hibernate reactive core Security Information SECURITY
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-14969
bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi WEB
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2423822
Hibernate reactive core Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/hibernate/hibernate-reactive

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-14969?
CVE-2025-14969 is a security vulnerability in Hibernate reactive core involving Hibernate Reactive Vulnerable to DoS via Connection Pool Exhaustion under CWE-772: Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime.
Which Hibernate reactive core versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 4.2.1 across affected packages: org.hibernate.reactive:hibernate-reactive-core.
What version fixes CVE-2025-14969?
Upgrading to 4.2.1 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is hibernate-reactive-core affected?
Yes, org.hibernate.reactive:hibernate-reactive-core is affected in releases prior to 4.2.1. Upgrade your dependency to 4.2.1 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-14969?
CVE-2025-14969 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-14969?
CVE-2025-14969 is classified under CWE-772: Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (The product does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-14969?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.hibernate.reactive'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-frpp-8pwq-hjrx",
  "modified" : "2026-02-05T15:31:09Z",
  "published" : "2026-01-26T21:30:36Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-14969" ],
  "summary" : "Hibernate Reactive Vulnerable to DoS via Connection Pool Exhaustion",
  "details" : "A flaw was found in Hibernate Reactive. When an HTTP endpoint is exposed to perform database operations, a remote client can prematurely close the HTTP connection. This action may lead to leaking connections from the database connection pool, potentially causing a Denial of Service (DoS) by exhausting available database connections.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.hibernate.reactive:hibernate-reactive-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.2.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14969"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/hibernate/hibernate-reactive/commit/cd7f104e10de918004707ca0e26e3840976f780a"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1965"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-14969"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2423822"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/hibernate/hibernate-reactive"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-772" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-01-27T21:05:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-01-26T20:16:08Z"
  }
}