CVE-2026-62681: Orval Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-fg9p-mrxr-hvq7",
  "modified" : "2026-09-03T19:17:32Z",
  "published" : "2026-09-03T19:17:32Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-62681" ],
  "summary" : "Orval: RCE via OpenAPI path -> unescaped request-URL template literal (backtick breakout)",
  "details" : "### Summary\n\nOrval emits the OpenAPI path into the generated request URL as a TEMPLATE LITERAL (`` `/users/...` ``) without escaping the backtick character. A path containing a backtick closes the template literal and injects a concatenation expression that is evaluated when the generated URL/request/key function is called, executing attacker-controlled code. Affects the axios, fetch, react-query, and swr clients. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives Orval's default OpenAPI validation.\n\n### Details\n\n```ts\n// generated URL builder (fetch client)\nreturn `/users/` + (globalThis.X = require(\"fs\").writeFileSync(\"/marker\",\"pwned\")) + `/list`;\n```\n\nThe backtick in the path terminates the `` `...` `` literal; `+ (<code>) +` runs as a live expression; a trailing backtick reopens a template literal so the file stays valid. The code runs whenever the generated request function, URL builder, or query-key function is called.\n\nThis is distinct from Orval's four published CVEs: CVE-2026-22785 (`summary` -> MCP server), CVE-2026-23947 / CVE-2026-25141 (`x-enumDescriptions`), and CVE-2026-24132 (`const` -> mock files). This is a different field (the route path) and a different sink (the request-URL template literal), which those advisories and their fixes do not cover.\n\n### PoC\n\n`reproduce.sh` (+ `make_spec.py`) attached: generates a fetch client with default validation, bundles it, calls the generated functions, and shows a marker file written. Verified on 8.19.0.\n\n### Impact\n\nCode execution in any environment that calls a client generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description (developer, CI, or the running application). \n\n### Suggested fix\n\nEscape the path before emitting it into the URL template literal (escape backtick and `${`, or build the URL with an encoder that treats the path as data), and validate path characters.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "orval"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "8.21.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-fg9p-mrxr-hvq7"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62681"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-116", "CWE-1336", "CWE-94" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-09-03T19:17:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-08-19T18:16:54Z"
  }
}