CVE-2023-54406: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-fg2g-fx2h-8fqw
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CVSS 4.9
CWE-372
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2023-54406 is a MODERATE (CVSS 4.9) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-372: Incomplete Internal State Distinction) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state x when in fact it is in state y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2023-54406 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2023-54406
GHSA Identifier GHSA-fg2g-fx2h-8fqw
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 4.9
CWE Classification CWE-372: Incomplete Internal State Distinction
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 4.9

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required High (PR:H)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2023-54406

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2023-54406, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-372: Incomplete Internal State Distinction, where the product does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state x when in fact it is in state y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Frappe before 14.59.0 and 15.x before 15.5.0 contains a sandbox flaw where the frappe.flags.in_safe_exec global flag can become False during Server Script execution when one server script triggers another. Authenticated high-privileged users can craft a Server Script that triggers other server scripts, such as by saving a document, so the remaining code runs without safe execution protections.

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/frappe/frappe/security/advisories/GHSA-v3vh-7qx4-f582
NVD — CVE-2023-54406 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54406
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-b... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-before-14.59.0-safe-execution-flag-bypass-in-server-scripts

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2023-54406?
CVE-2023-54406 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under CWE-372: Incomplete Internal State Distinction.
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2023-54406?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-54406?
CVE-2023-54406 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.9 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2023-54406?
CVE-2023-54406 is classified under CWE-372: Incomplete Internal State Distinction (The product does not properly determine which state it is in, causing it to assume it is in state X when in fact it is in state Y, causing it to perform incorrect operations in a security-relevant manner.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2023-54406?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-fg2g-fx2h-8fqw",
  "modified" : "2026-10-13T00:31:18Z",
  "published" : "2026-10-13T00:31:18Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2023-54406" ],
  "details" : "Frappe before 14.59.0 and 15.x before 15.5.0 contains a sandbox flaw where the frappe.flags.in_safe_exec global flag can become False during Server Script execution when one server script triggers another. Authenticated high-privileged users can craft a Server Script that triggers other server scripts, such as by saving a document, so the remaining code runs without safe execution protections.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/frappe/frappe/security/advisories/GHSA-v3vh-7qx4-f582"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54406"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-before-14.59.0-safe-execution-flag-bypass-in-server-scripts"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-372" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-10-12T23:17:16Z"
  }
}