CVE-2025-54873: Risc0 zkvm Division Vulnerability

LOW
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-f6rc-24x4-ppxp
Share
CWE-369
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-54873 is a LOW division vulnerability (CWE-369: Divide By Zero) affecting Risc0 zkvm libraries in the crates.io ecosystem. The issue involves division. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 2.2.0, 3.0.0.

CVE-2025-54873 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-54873
GHSA Identifier GHSA-f6rc-24x4-ppxp
Severity LOW
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-369: Divide By Zero
Affected Product Risc0 zkvm
Package Ecosystem crates.io
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-54873

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Risc0 zkvm dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

risc0-zkvm fixed: 2.2.0 
Upgrade risc0-zkvm to 2.2.0
risc0-circuit-rv32im fixed: 3.0.0 
Upgrade risc0-circuit-rv32im to 3.0.0
risc0-circuit-rv32im-sys fixed: 3.0.0 
Upgrade risc0-circuit-rv32im-sys to 3.0.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for risc0-zkvm

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-54873, inspect your project dependencies for Risc0 zkvm:

inspect dependencies for risc0-zkvm

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Risc0 zkvm in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 2.2.0), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-369: Divide By Zero, where the product divides a value by zero. In Risc0 zkvm, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Two issues were found: For some inputs to signed integer division, the circuit allowed two outputs, only one of which was valid. Additionally, the result of division by zero was underconstrained. This vulnerability was identified using the Picus tool from Veridise. Impacted on-chain verifiers have already been disabled via the estop mechanism outlined in the [Verifier Management Design](https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/blob/release-2.0/contracts/version-management-design.md#base-verifier-implementations). ## Mitigation We recommend all impacted users upgrade as soon as possible. Rust applications using the `risc0-zkvm` crate at versions < 2.2 should upgrade to version 2.2.0 or later. Smart contract applications using the official [RISC Zero Verifier Router](https://dev.risczero.com/api/blockchain-integration/contracts/verifier#verifier-router) do not need to take any action: zkVM version 2.2 is active on all official routers, and version 2.1 has been disabled. Smart contract applications not using the verifier router should update their contracts to send verification calls to the 2.2 version of the verifier.

CVE-2025-54873 Affected Risc0 zkvm Versions

3 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
2.2.03.0.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
risc0-zkvm
 crates.io
≥ 2.0.0
< 2.2.0
2.2.0
risc0-circuit-rv32im
 crates.io
≥ 2.0.0
< 3.0.0
3.0.0
risc0-circuit-rv32im-sys
 crates.io
≥ 2.0.0
< 3.0.0
3.0.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/risc0/risc0/security/advisories/GHSA-f6rc-24x4-ppxp
NVD — CVE-2025-54873 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54873
Risc0 zkvm Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/risc0/risc0/pull/3235
Risc0 zkvm Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/risc0/zirgen/pull/249
Risc0 zkvm Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/risc0/risc0

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-54873?
CVE-2025-54873 is a security vulnerability in Risc0 zkvm involving Division under CWE-369: Divide By Zero.
Which Risc0 zkvm versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 2.2.0, 3.0.0 across affected packages: risc0-zkvm, risc0-circuit-rv32im, risc0-circuit-rv32im-sys.
What version fixes CVE-2025-54873?
Upgrading to 2.2.0, 3.0.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is risc0-zkvm affected?
Yes, risc0-zkvm is affected in releases prior to 2.2.0. Upgrade your dependency to 2.2.0 or later.
Is risc0-circuit-rv32im affected?
Yes, risc0-circuit-rv32im is affected in releases prior to 3.0.0. Upgrade your dependency to 3.0.0 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-54873?
CVE-2025-54873 is classified under CWE-369: Divide By Zero (The product divides a value by zero.).
How can I check crates.io dependencies for CVE-2025-54873?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for risc0-zkvm'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-f6rc-24x4-ppxp",
  "modified" : "2025-08-06T14:32:02Z",
  "published" : "2025-08-05T17:42:06Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-54873" ],
  "summary" : "RISC Zero Underconstrained Vulnerability: Division",
  "details" : "Two issues were found: For some inputs to signed integer division, the circuit allowed two outputs, only one of which was valid.  Additionally, the result of division by zero was underconstrained.\n\nThis vulnerability was identified using the Picus tool from Veridise. \n\nImpacted on-chain verifiers have already been disabled via the estop mechanism outlined in the [Verifier Management Design](https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/blob/release-2.0/contracts/version-management-design.md#base-verifier-implementations). \n\n## Mitigation\n\nWe recommend all impacted users upgrade as soon as possible.\n\nRust applications using the `risc0-zkvm` crate at versions < 2.2 should upgrade to version 2.2.0 or later. \n\nSmart contract applications using the official [RISC Zero Verifier Router](https://dev.risczero.com/api/blockchain-integration/contracts/verifier#verifier-router) do not need to take any action: zkVM version 2.2 is active on all official routers, and version 2.1 has been disabled.\n\nSmart contract applications not using the verifier router should update their contracts to send verification calls to the 2.2 version of the verifier.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "risc0-zkvm"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.2.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "risc0-circuit-rv32im"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.0.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "risc0-circuit-rv32im-sys"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.0.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/risc0/risc0/security/advisories/GHSA-f6rc-24x4-ppxp"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54873"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/risc0/risc0/pull/3235"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/risc0/zirgen/pull/249"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/risc0/risc0"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-369" ],
    "severity" : "LOW",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-08-05T17:42:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-08-06T00:15:31Z"
  }
}