CVE-2020-1938: Apache Tomcat Improper Privilege Management Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-c9hw-wf7x-jp9j
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-269
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2020-1938 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) improper privilege management vulnerability (CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management) affecting Apache Tomcat libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves improper privilege management in tomcat. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 9.0.31, 8.5.51, 7.0.100.

CVE-2020-1938 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2020-1938
GHSA Identifier GHSA-c9hw-wf7x-jp9j
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management
Affected Product Apache Tomcat
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2020-1938

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apache Tomcat dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 9.0.31 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.31</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 8.5.51 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>8.5.51</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 7.0.100 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>7.0.100</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat.embed

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2020-1938, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat.embed

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apache Tomcat in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 9.0.31), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat.embed command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management, where the product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor. In Apache Tomcat, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

When using the Apache JServ Protocol (AJP), care must be taken when trusting incoming connections to Apache Tomcat. Tomcat treats AJP connections as having higher trust than, for example, a similar HTTP connection. If such connections are available to an attacker, they can be exploited in ways that may be surprising. In Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0.30, 8.5.0 to 8.5.50 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.99, Tomcat shipped with an AJP Connector enabled by default that listened on all configured IP addresses. It was expected (and recommended in the security guide) that this Connector would be disabled if not required. This vulnerability report identified a mechanism that allowed: returning arbitrary files from anywhere in the web application, processing any file in the web application as a JSP Further, if the web application allowed file upload and stored those files within the web application (or the attacker was able to control the content of the web application by some other means) then this, along with the ability to process a file as a JSP, made remote code execution possible. It is important to note that mitigation is only required if an AJP port is accessible to untrusted users. Users wishing to take a defence-in-depth approach and block the vector that permits returning arbitrary files and execution as JSP may upgrade to Apache Tomcat 9.0.31, 8.5.51 or 7.0.100 or later. A number of changes were made to the default AJP Connector configuration in 9.0.31 to harden the default configuration. It is likely that users upgrading to 9.0.31, 8.5.51 or 7.0.100 or later will need to make small changes to their configurations.

CVE-2020-1938 Affected Apache Tomcat Versions

3 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
9.0.318.5.517.0.100
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 9.0.0
< 9.0.31
9.0.31
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 8.0.0
< 8.5.51
8.5.51
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 7.0.0
< 7.0.100
7.0.100

References

NVD — CVE-2020-1938 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1938
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Apache Tomcat Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apache/tomcat
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Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4680
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4673
www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vul... WEB
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-1938
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200226-0002
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-43
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lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce... WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/05/msg00026.html
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https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00006.html
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Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-03/msg00025.html
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Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-05/msg00002.html
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Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2020-1938?
CVE-2020-1938 is a security vulnerability in Apache Tomcat involving Improper Privilege Management in Tomcat under CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management.
Which Apache Tomcat versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 9.0.31, 8.5.51, 7.0.100 across affected packages: org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core.
What version fixes CVE-2020-1938?
Upgrading to 9.0.31, 8.5.51, 7.0.100 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is tomcat-embed-core affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is affected in releases prior to 9.0.31, 8.5.51, 7.0.100. Upgrade your dependency to 9.0.31, 8.5.51, 7.0.100 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2020-1938?
CVE-2020-1938 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2020-1938?
CVE-2020-1938 is classified under CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management (The product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2020-1938?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat.embed'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-c9hw-wf7x-jp9j",
  "modified" : "2025-10-22T17:46:46Z",
  "published" : "2020-06-15T18:51:21Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2020-1938" ],
  "summary" : "Improper Privilege Management in Tomcat",
  "details" : "When using the Apache JServ Protocol (AJP), care must be taken when trusting incoming connections to Apache Tomcat. Tomcat treats AJP connections as having higher trust than, for example, a similar HTTP connection. If such connections are available to an attacker, they can be exploited in ways that may be surprising. In Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0.30, 8.5.0 to 8.5.50 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.99, Tomcat shipped with an AJP Connector enabled by default that listened on all configured IP addresses. It was expected (and recommended in the security guide) that this Connector would be disabled if not required. This vulnerability report identified a mechanism that allowed: returning arbitrary files from anywhere in the web application, processing any file in the web application as a JSP Further, if the web application allowed file upload and stored those files within the web application (or the attacker was able to control the content of the web application by some other means) then this, along with the ability to process a file as a JSP, made remote code execution possible. It is important to note that mitigation is only required if an AJP port is accessible to untrusted users. Users wishing to take a defence-in-depth approach and block the vector that permits returning arbitrary files and execution as JSP may upgrade to Apache Tomcat 9.0.31, 8.5.51 or 7.0.100 or later. A number of changes were made to the default AJP Connector configuration in 9.0.31 to harden the default configuration. It is likely that users upgrading to 9.0.31, 8.5.51 or 7.0.100 or later will need to make small changes to their configurations.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
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      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "9.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "9.0.31"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
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      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "8.0.0"
      }, {
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      } ]
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  }, {
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      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "7.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "7.0.100"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1938"
  }, {
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  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-269" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2020-06-15T16:10:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2020-02-24T22:15:00Z"
  }
}