CVE-2025-52985: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-c7mr-h37w-h53j
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CVSS 5.3
CWE-480
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-52985 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.3) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-480: Use of Incorrect Operator) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the logic in security-relevant ways.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-52985 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-52985
GHSA Identifier GHSA-c7mr-h37w-h53j
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.3
CWE Classification CWE-480: Use of Incorrect Operator
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.3

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-52985

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-52985, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-480: Use of Incorrect Operator, where the product accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the logic in security-relevant ways. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A Use of Incorrect Operator vulnerability in the Routing Engine firewall of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to bypass security restrictions. When a firewall filter which is applied to the lo0 or re:mgmt interface references a prefix list with 'from prefix-list', and that prefix list contains more than 10 entries, the prefix list doesn't match and packets destined to or from the local device are not filtered. This issue affects firewall filters applied to the re:mgmt interfaces as input and output, but only affects firewall filters applied to the lo0 interface as output. This issue is applicable to IPv4 and IPv6 as a prefix list can contain IPv4 and IPv6 prefixes. This issue affects Junos OS Evolved: * 23.2R2-S3-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S4-EVO, * 23.4R2-S3-EVO versions before 23.4R2-S5-EVO, * 24.2R2-EVO versions before 24.2R2-S1-EVO, * 24.4-EVO versions before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO. This issue doesn't not affect Junos OS Evolved versions before 23.2R1-EVO.

References

NVD — CVE-2025-52985 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52985
supportportal.juniper.net/jsa100091 WEB
https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100091

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-52985?
CVE-2025-52985 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under CWE-480: Use of Incorrect Operator.
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2025-52985?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-52985?
CVE-2025-52985 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-52985?
CVE-2025-52985 is classified under CWE-480: Use of Incorrect Operator (The product accidentally uses the wrong operator, which changes the logic in security-relevant ways.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-52985?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-c7mr-h37w-h53j",
  "modified" : "2025-07-11T18:30:33Z",
  "published" : "2025-07-11T18:30:33Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-52985" ],
  "details" : "A Use of Incorrect Operator\n\nvulnerability in the Routing Engine firewall of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to bypass security restrictions.\n\nWhen a firewall filter which is applied to the lo0 or re:mgmt interface references a prefix list with 'from prefix-list', and that prefix list contains more than 10 entries, the prefix list doesn't match and packets destined to or from the local device are not filtered.\n\n\nThis issue affects firewall filters applied to the re:mgmt interfaces as input and output, but only affects firewall filters applied to the lo0 interface as output.\nThis issue is applicable to IPv4 and IPv6 as a prefix list can contain IPv4 and IPv6 prefixes.\nThis issue affects Junos OS Evolved:\n\n  *  23.2R2-S3-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S4-EVO,\n  *  23.4R2-S3-EVO versions before 23.4R2-S5-EVO,\n  *  24.2R2-EVO versions before 24.2R2-S1-EVO,\n  *  24.4-EVO versions before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO.\n\n\nThis issue doesn't not affect Junos OS Evolved versions before 23.2R1-EVO.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52985"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100091"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-480" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-07-11T16:15:25Z"
  }
}