CVE-2026-33505: Github.com/ory/keto SQL Injection Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-c38g-mx2c-9wf2
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CVSS 7.2
CWE-89
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-33505 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.2) sql injection vulnerability (CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')) affecting Github.com/ory/keto libraries in the Go ecosystem. The issue involves ory keto has a sql injection via forged pagination tokens. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e.

CVE-2026-33505 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-33505
GHSA Identifier GHSA-c38g-mx2c-9wf2
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.2
CWE Classification CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Affected Product Github.com/ory/keto
Package Ecosystem Go
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.2

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required High (PR:H)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2026-33505

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Github.com/ory/keto dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

github.com/ory/keto fixed: 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e 
Upgrade github.com/ory/keto to 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for github.com/ory/keto

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2026-33505, inspect your project dependencies for Github.com/ory/keto:

inspect dependencies for github.com/ory/keto

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Github.com/ory/keto in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of an sql command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended sql command when it is sent to a downstream component. without sufficient removal or quoting of sql syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated sql query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as sql instead of ordinary user data. In Github.com/ory/keto, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Description The **GetRelationships API** in Ory Keto is vulnerable to SQL injection due to flaws in its pagination implementation. Pagination tokens are encrypted using the secret configured in `secrets.pagination`. An attacker who knows this secret can craft their own tokens, including malicious tokens that lead to SQL injection. If this configuration value is not set, Keto falls back to a hard-coded default pagination encryption secret. Because this default value is publicly known, attackers can generate valid and malicious pagination tokens manually for installations where this secret is not set. ## Preconditions This issue can be exploited when all of the following conditions are met: - **GetRelationships API** is directly or indirectly accessible to the attacker - The attacker can pass a raw pagination token to the affected API - The configuration value `secrets.pagination` is not set or known to the attacker ## Impact An attacker can execute arbitrary SQL queries through forged pagination tokens. ## Mitigation As a first line of defense, **immediately** configure a custom value for `secrets.pagination` by generating a cryptographically secure random secret, for example: ``` openssl rand -base64 32 ``` Next, upgrade **Keto** to a fixed version **as soon as possible**.

CVE-2026-33505 Affected Github.com/ory/keto Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
github.com/ory/keto
golang/github.com/ory/keto
Go
< 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e
0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/ory/keto/security/advisories/GHSA-c38g-mx2c-9wf2
NVD — CVE-2026-33505 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33505
Github.com/ory/keto Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/ory/keto

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-33505?
CVE-2026-33505 is a security vulnerability in Github.com/ory/keto involving Ory Keto has a SQL injection via forged pagination tokens under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection').
Which Github.com/ory/keto versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e across affected packages: github.com/ory/keto.
What version fixes CVE-2026-33505?
Upgrading to 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is github.com/ory/keto affected?
Yes, github.com/ory/keto is affected in releases prior to 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e. Upgrade your dependency to 0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-33505?
CVE-2026-33505 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-33505?
CVE-2026-33505 is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.).
How can I check Go dependencies for CVE-2026-33505?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for github.com/ory/keto'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-c38g-mx2c-9wf2",
  "modified" : "2026-03-27T21:17:31Z",
  "published" : "2026-03-20T20:55:44Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-33505" ],
  "summary" : "Ory Keto has a SQL injection via forged pagination tokens",
  "details" : "## Description\n\nThe **GetRelationships API** in Ory Keto is vulnerable to SQL injection due to flaws in its pagination implementation.\n\nPagination tokens are encrypted using the secret configured in `secrets.pagination`. An attacker who knows this secret can craft their own tokens, including malicious tokens that lead to SQL injection. If this configuration value is not set, Keto falls back to a hard-coded default pagination encryption secret. Because this default value is publicly known, attackers can generate valid and malicious pagination tokens manually for installations where this secret is not set.\n\n## Preconditions\n\nThis issue can be exploited when all of the following conditions are met:\n\n- **GetRelationships API** is directly or indirectly accessible to the attacker\n- The attacker can pass a raw pagination token to the affected API\n- The configuration value `secrets.pagination` is not set or known to the attacker\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker can execute arbitrary SQL queries through forged pagination tokens.\n\n## Mitigation\n\nAs a first line of defense, **immediately** configure a custom value for `secrets.pagination` by generating a cryptographically secure random secret, for example:\n\n```\nopenssl rand -base64 32\n```\n\nNext, upgrade **Keto** to a fixed version **as soon as possible**.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Go",
      "name" : "github.com/ory/keto"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "0.14.1-0.20260320140104-e4393662cd2e"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ory/keto/security/advisories/GHSA-c38g-mx2c-9wf2"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33505"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ory/keto"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-89" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-03-20T20:55:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-03-26T19:17:04Z"
  }
}