CVE-2026-49444: n8n Python Sandbox Escape Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-9pq8-m8gp-4p53
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CVSS 8.5
CWE-20
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-49444 is a HIGH (CVSS 8.5) python sandbox escape vulnerability (CWE-20: Improper Input Validation) affecting n8n libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves python sandbox escape. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.123.48, 2.22.4, 2.21.8.

CVE-2026-49444 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-49444
GHSA Identifier GHSA-9pq8-m8gp-4p53
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 8.5
CWE Classification CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
Affected Product n8n
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 8.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2026-49444

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected n8n dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

n8n fixed: 1.123.48 
npm install n8n@1.123.48
n8n fixed: 2.22.4 
npm install n8n@2.22.4
n8n fixed: 2.21.8 
npm install n8n@2.21.8
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls n8n

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2026-49444, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls n8n

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of n8n in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.123.48), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls n8n command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation, where the product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. In n8n, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Impact An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows containing a Python Code Node could escape the sandbox and achieve arbitrary code execution on the task runner container. This issue only affects instances where the Python Task Runner is enabled. ## Patches The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 1.123.48, 2.21.8, and 2.22.4. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. ## Workarounds If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: - Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only. - Disable the Python Code node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.code` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable, or disable the Python Task Runner entirely. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

CVE-2026-49444 Affected n8n Versions

3 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.123.482.22.42.21.8
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
n8n
npm/n8n
npm
< 1.123.48
1.123.48
n8n
npm/n8n
npm
≥ 2.22.0
< 2.22.4
2.22.4
n8n
npm/n8n
npm
≥ 2.0.0-rc.0
< 2.21.8
2.21.8

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-9pq8-m8gp-4p53
NVD — CVE-2026-49444 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49444
n8n Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-49444?
CVE-2026-49444 is a security vulnerability in n8n involving Python sandbox escape under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation.
Which n8n versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.123.48, 2.22.4, 2.21.8 across affected packages: n8n.
What version fixes CVE-2026-49444?
Upgrading to 1.123.48, 2.22.4, 2.21.8 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is n8n affected?
Yes, n8n is affected in releases prior to 1.123.48, 2.22.4, 2.21.8. Upgrade your dependency to 1.123.48, 2.22.4, 2.21.8 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-49444?
CVE-2026-49444 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-49444?
CVE-2026-49444 is classified under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation (The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2026-49444?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls n8n'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-9pq8-m8gp-4p53",
  "modified" : "2026-07-20T13:41:32Z",
  "published" : "2026-06-16T17:37:21Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-49444" ],
  "summary" : "n8n: Python sandbox escape",
  "details" : "## Impact\nAn authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows containing a Python Code Node could escape the sandbox and achieve arbitrary code execution on the task runner container.\n\nThis issue only affects instances where the Python Task Runner is enabled.\n\n## Patches\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n versions 1.123.48, 2.21.8, and 2.22.4. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.\n- Disable the Python Code node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.code` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable, or disable the Python Task Runner entirely.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "n8n"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.123.48"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "n8n"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.22.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.22.4"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "n8n"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.0.0-rc.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.21.8"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-9pq8-m8gp-4p53"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49444"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-20" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-06-16T17:37:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-06-23T17:17:01Z"
  }
}