CVE-2025-58157: Github.com/consensys/gnark Denial of Service Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-9fvj-xqr2-xwg8
CVSS 7.5
CWE-400
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-58157 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) affecting Github.com/consensys/gnark libraries in the Go ecosystem. The issue involves gnark affected by denial of service when computing scalar multiplication using fake-glv algorithm. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 0.13.0.

CVE-2025-58157 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-58157
GHSA Identifier GHSA-9fvj-xqr2-xwg8
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Affected Product Github.com/consensys/gnark
Package Ecosystem Go
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-58157

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Github.com/consensys/gnark dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

github.com/consensys/gnark fixed: 0.13.0
Upgrade github.com/consensys/gnark to 0.13.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

inspect dependencies for github.com/consensys/gnark

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-58157, inspect your project dependencies for Github.com/consensys/gnark:

inspect dependencies for github.com/consensys/gnark

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Github.com/consensys/gnark in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 0.13.0), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption, where the product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource. In Github.com/consensys/gnark, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact For optimizing the scalar multiplication algorithm in circuit for some curves, gnark uses fake-GLV algorithm in case the curve doesn't support true-GLV. For this to work, we need to compute the scalar decomposition using the Half GCD method in gnark-crypto. However, for some of the inputs the algorithm didn't converge quickly enough. In case the prover accepts untrusted witness, it could lead to denial of service as the prover gets stuck in a very slowly converging loop. Thanks to @feltroidprime for reporting the issue and proposing a fix. ### Patches The issue has been patched in gnark-crypto commit https://github.com/Consensys/gnark-crypto/commit/56600883e0e9f9b159e9c7000b94e76185ec3d0d. The dependency update is implemented in gnark commit https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/68be6cede36e387ab760725beabd3c96cc94e6dc. ### Workarounds This update doesn't require recompiling the circuits as the issue is in the hint function. The users can update the gnark-crypto dependency to the fixed version. ### References * See bug report https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/issues/1483 * Fake GLV description https://ethresear.ch/t/fake-glv-you-dont-need-an-efficient-endomorphism-to-implement-glv-like-scalar-multiplication-in-snark-circuits/20394

CVE-2025-58157 Affected Github.com/consensys/gnark Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
0.13.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
github.com/consensys/gnark
Go
≥ 0.12.0
< 0.13.0
All 1 versions
0.12.0
0.13.0

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-58157?
CVE-2025-58157 is a security vulnerability in Github.com/consensys/gnark involving gnark affected by denial of service when computing scalar multiplication using fake-GLV algorithm under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption.
Which Github.com/consensys/gnark versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 0.13.0 across affected packages: github.com/consensys/gnark.
What version fixes CVE-2025-58157?
Upgrading to 0.13.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is github.com/consensys/gnark affected?
Yes, github.com/consensys/gnark is affected in releases prior to 0.13.0. Upgrade your dependency to 0.13.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-58157?
CVE-2025-58157 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-58157?
CVE-2025-58157 is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.).
How can I check Go dependencies for CVE-2025-58157?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for github.com/consensys/gnark'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-9fvj-xqr2-xwg8",
  "modified" : "2025-09-01T20:05:35Z",
  "published" : "2025-08-29T20:20:13Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-58157" ],
  "summary" : "gnark affected by denial of service when computing scalar multiplication using fake-GLV algorithm",
  "details" : "### Impact\n\nFor optimizing the scalar multiplication algorithm in circuit for some curves, gnark uses fake-GLV algorithm in case the curve doesn't support true-GLV. For this to work, we need to compute the scalar decomposition using the Half GCD method in gnark-crypto. However, for some of the inputs the algorithm didn't converge quickly enough.\n\nIn case the prover accepts untrusted witness, it could lead to denial of service as the prover gets stuck in a very slowly converging loop.\n\nThanks to @feltroidprime for reporting the issue and proposing a fix.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in gnark-crypto commit https://github.com/Consensys/gnark-crypto/commit/56600883e0e9f9b159e9c7000b94e76185ec3d0d. The dependency update is implemented in gnark commit https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/68be6cede36e387ab760725beabd3c96cc94e6dc.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThis update doesn't require recompiling the circuits as the issue is in the hint function. The users can update the gnark-crypto dependency to the fixed version.\n\n### References\n\n* See bug report https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/issues/1483\n* Fake GLV description https://ethresear.ch/t/fake-glv-you-dont-need-an-efficient-endomorphism-to-implement-glv-like-scalar-multiplication-in-snark-circuits/20394",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Go",
      "name" : "github.com/consensys/gnark"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0.12.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "0.13.0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "versions" : [ "0.12.0" ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/security/advisories/GHSA-9fvj-xqr2-xwg8"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58157"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/issues/1483"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Consensys/gnark-crypto/commit/56600883e0e9f9b159e9c7000b94e76185ec3d0d"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/68be6cede36e387ab760725beabd3c96cc94e6dc"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Consensys/gnark"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-400" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-08-29T20:20:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-08-29T22:15:32Z"
  }
}