GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc: Duplicate Advisory Vm2: Vm.freeze()/vm.readonly() Bypass Vulnerability

MODERATE
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CVSS 4.0
CWE-471
Published
Advisory Summary

GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc is a MODERATE (CVSS 4.0) vm2: vm.freeze()/vm.readonly() bypass vulnerability (CWE-471: Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID)) affecting Duplicate Advisory libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves vm2: vm.freeze()/vm.readonly() bypass via accessor descriptor. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc at a Glance

CVE Identifier N/A
GHSA Identifier GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 4.0
CWE Classification CWE-471: Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID)
Affected Product Duplicate Advisory
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 4.0

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity High (AC:H)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Duplicate Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

vm2 fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install vm2@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls vm2

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls vm2

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Duplicate Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls vm2 command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-471: Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID), where the product does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker. In Duplicate Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-633r-hq9m-c4ff. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ## Original Description vm2 versions from 3.9.6 before 3.11.7 fail to properly restrict access to accessor properties on frozen objects, allowing sandboxed scripts to bypass vm.freeze() and vm.readonly() protections. Attackers can use Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor() or __lookupSetter__() to extract and invoke host object setters directly, mutating properties the embedder explicitly marked read-only.

GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc Affected Duplicate Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
vm2
npm/vm2
npm
≥ 3.9.6
≤ 3.11.6

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-633r-hq9m-c4ff
NVD — GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92949
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-3.9.... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-3.9.6-before-3.11.7-sandbox-bypass-via-accessor-descriptor

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc?
GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc is a security vulnerability in Duplicate Advisory involving vm2: vm.freeze()/vm.readonly() bypass via accessor descriptor under CWE-471: Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID).
Which Duplicate Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: vm2.
What version fixes GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is vm2 affected?
Yes, vm2 is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc?
GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.0 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc?
GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc is classified under CWE-471: Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) (The product does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.).
How can I check npm dependencies for GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls vm2'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-9f3g-34x8-92jc",
  "modified" : "2026-10-01T15:35:12Z",
  "published" : "2026-09-17T15:32:16Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2026-10-01T15:35:12Z",
  "aliases" : [ ],
  "summary" : "Duplicate Advisory: vm2: vm.freeze()/vm.readonly() bypass via accessor descriptor",
  "details" : "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-633r-hq9m-c4ff. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nvm2 versions from 3.9.6 before 3.11.7 fail to properly restrict access to accessor properties on frozen objects, allowing sandboxed scripts to bypass vm.freeze() and vm.readonly() protections. Attackers can use Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor() or __lookupSetter__() to extract and invoke host object setters directly, mutating properties the embedder explicitly marked read-only.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "vm2"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.9.6"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "3.11.6"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-633r-hq9m-c4ff"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92949"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-3.9.6-before-3.11.7-sandbox-bypass-via-accessor-descriptor"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-471" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-10-01T15:35:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-09-17T14:18:00Z"
  }
}