CVE-2026-59944: Composer GHSA-gjfg-22fp-rrxx Fix Bypass Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-96h3-5x6v-m776",
  "modified" : "2026-10-02T19:14:34Z",
  "published" : "2026-10-02T19:14:34Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-59944" ],
  "summary" : "Composer: GHSA-gjfg-22fp-rrxx fix bypass via symlinked package bin path",
  "details" : "## Summary\n\nA malicious or compromised Composer package could, when installed as a dependency, cause Composer to change the permissions of a file outside that package's own directory and to register a runnable `vendor/bin` command that points at that outside file. This is a path traversal and link following issue. It is not remote code execution, the attacker gains no ability to read or receive your data directly. The risk is that a file which was readable only by its owner, but modifiable by Composer, can be made world readable and executable, which is enough to expose its contents on a shared or multi tenant host. The earlier hardening from GHSA-gjfg-22fp-rrxx can be bypassed, since it only rejected literal `..` path segments in a package's declared binaries, and was only applied in a single place during dependency resolution.\n\n## Am I affected?\n\nYou can be affected if a malicious or compromised package, including a transitive dependency, is installed in your project, and either of the following is true:\n\n- The dependency package ships one of its declared binaries as a symbolic link that resolves to a location outside the package's own directory. Nothing beyond a normal install or update is required.\n- Or, the recorded metadata of your installed dependencies (`vendor/composer/installed.json`) declares a binary path that escapes the package's directory. Composer regenerates missing binaries from that recorded metadata at the end of an install, and uses this metadata for reinstalls of the same package. In both of these cases the validation applied during dependency resolution is skipped. This situation is only reachable when your `vendor` directory is not populated from the same install run, which performs validation. For example a vendor directory restored from a shared or untrusted CI cache, copied in from an earlier container build stage, carried over from a Composer older than 2.10.2 or 2.2.29, or writable by a lower trust build step, could contain such malicious data.\n\nThe most realistic way to get hit is a `composer install` in a build or deploy step that reuses a `vendor` directory produced elsewhere, since the permission change is applied silently and with the privileges of the user running Composer.\n\n## Patched versions\n\nComposer now verifies that each declared binary resolves to a path inside the installing package's own directory before it touches the file, and skips any binary that resolves outside it with a warning. Update to the patched releases (2.10.3 and 2.2.30).\n\n## Workarounds\n\nUpgrading is the only complete fix.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "composer/composer"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.3.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.10.3"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "composer/composer"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "1.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.2.30"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/composer/composer/security/advisories/GHSA-96h3-5x6v-m776"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59944"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/composer/composer/commit/53b8bb4c24697b2f00a18cf1ef35a10392701b89"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/composer/composer/commit/ad649fdfdf8ed826d4a34e0e5690c76a0b4833aa"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/composer/composer"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/composer/composer/releases/tag/2.10.3"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/composer/composer/releases/tag/2.2.30"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-22", "CWE-59", "CWE-732" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-10-02T19:14:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-09-16T17:17:28Z"
  }
}