CVE-2025-12107: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-8v9w-wqxw-hp8g
Share
CVSS 10.0
CWE-1336 CWE-77
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-12107 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 10.0) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-12107 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-12107
GHSA Identifier GHSA-8v9w-wqxw-hp8g
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 10.0
CWE Classification CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 10.0

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-12107

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-12107, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine, where the product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Due to the use of a vulnerable third-party Velocity template engine, a malicious actor with admin privilege may inject and execute arbitrary template syntax within server-side templates. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a malicious actor with admin privilege to inject and execute arbitrary template code on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution, data manipulation, or unauthorized access to sensitive information.

References

NVD — CVE-2025-12107 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12107
Software Security Information SECURITY
https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4517

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-12107?
CVE-2025-12107 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine.
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2025-12107?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-12107?
CVE-2025-12107 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 10.0 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-12107?
CVE-2025-12107 is classified under CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-12107?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-8v9w-wqxw-hp8g",
  "modified" : "2026-02-19T18:31:54Z",
  "published" : "2026-02-19T18:31:54Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-12107" ],
  "details" : "Due to the use of a vulnerable third-party Velocity template engine, a malicious actor with admin privilege may inject and execute arbitrary template syntax within server-side templates. \n\n Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a malicious actor with admin privilege to inject and execute arbitrary template code on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution, data manipulation, or unauthorized access to sensitive information.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12107"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4517"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1336", "CWE-77" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-02-19T10:16:09Z"
  }
}