CVE-2025-1948: Jetty http2 common Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-889j-63jv-qhr8
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-400
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-1948 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) affecting Jetty http2 common libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves eclipse jetty http/2 client can force the server to allocate a humongous byte buffer that may lead to oom and subsequently the jvm to exit. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 12.0.17.

CVE-2025-1948 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-1948
GHSA Identifier GHSA-889j-63jv-qhr8
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Affected Product Jetty http2 common
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-1948

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Jetty http2 common dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.eclipse.jetty.http2:jetty-http2-common fixed: 12.0.17 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty.http2</groupId>
    <artifactId>jetty-http2-common</artifactId>
    <version>12.0.17</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.eclipse.jetty.http2

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-1948, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.eclipse.jetty.http2

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Jetty http2 common in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 12.0.17), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.eclipse.jetty.http2 command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption, where the product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource. In Jetty http2 common, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Original Report In Eclipse Jetty versions 12.0.0 to 12.0.16 included, an HTTP/2 client can specify a very large value for the HTTP/2 settings parameter SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE. The Jetty HTTP/2 server does not perform validation on this setting, and tries to allocate a ByteBuffer of the specified capacity to encode HTTP responses, likely resulting in OutOfMemoryError being thrown, or even the JVM process exiting. ### Impact Remote peers can cause the JVM to crash or continuously report OOM. ### Patches 12.0.17 ### Workarounds No workarounds. ### References https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/issues/12690

CVE-2025-1948 Affected Jetty http2 common Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
12.0.17
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.eclipse.jetty.http2:jetty-http2-common
maven/org.eclipse.jetty.http2/jetty-http2-common
Maven
≥ 12.0.0
< 12.0.17
12.0.17

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-889j-63jv-qhr8
NVD — CVE-2025-1948 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1948
Jetty http2 common Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/issues/12690
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/commit/c8c2515936ef968dc8a3cecd9e79d1e69291e4bb
Jetty http2 common Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project
Jetty http2 common Security Information SECURITY
https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignement/-/issues/56

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-1948?
CVE-2025-1948 is a security vulnerability in Jetty http2 common involving Eclipse Jetty HTTP/2 client can force the server to allocate a humongous byte buffer that may lead to OoM and subsequently the JVM to exit under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption.
Which Jetty http2 common versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 12.0.17 across affected packages: org.eclipse.jetty.http2:jetty-http2-common.
What version fixes CVE-2025-1948?
Upgrading to 12.0.17 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is jetty-http2-common affected?
Yes, org.eclipse.jetty.http2:jetty-http2-common is affected in releases prior to 12.0.17. Upgrade your dependency to 12.0.17 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-1948?
CVE-2025-1948 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-1948?
CVE-2025-1948 is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-1948?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.eclipse.jetty.http2'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-889j-63jv-qhr8",
  "modified" : "2025-05-08T19:28:45Z",
  "published" : "2025-05-08T19:28:45Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-1948" ],
  "summary" : "Eclipse Jetty HTTP/2 client can force the server to allocate a humongous byte buffer that may lead to OoM and subsequently the JVM to exit",
  "details" : "### Original Report\n\nIn Eclipse Jetty versions 12.0.0 to 12.0.16 included, an HTTP/2 client can specify a very large value for the HTTP/2 settings parameter SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE. The Jetty HTTP/2 server does not perform validation on this setting, and tries to allocate a ByteBuffer of the specified capacity to encode HTTP responses, likely resulting in OutOfMemoryError being thrown, or even the JVM process exiting.\n\n### Impact\nRemote peers can cause the JVM to crash or continuously report OOM.\n\n### Patches\n12.0.17\n\n### Workarounds\nNo workarounds.\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/issues/12690",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.eclipse.jetty.http2:jetty-http2-common"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "12.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "12.0.17"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 12.0.16"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-889j-63jv-qhr8"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1948"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/issues/12690"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/commit/c8c2515936ef968dc8a3cecd9e79d1e69291e4bb"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignement/-/issues/56"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-400" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-05-08T19:28:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-05-08T18:15:41Z"
  }
}