CVE-2025-31496: Apollo compiler Apollo Compiler Named Fragment Processing Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-7mpv-9xg6-5r79
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-770
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-31496 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) apollo compiler named fragment processing vulnerability (CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling) affecting Apollo compiler libraries in the crates.io ecosystem. The issue involves apollo compiler named fragment processing vulnerability. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.27.0.

CVE-2025-31496 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-31496
GHSA Identifier GHSA-7mpv-9xg6-5r79
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Affected Product Apollo compiler
Package Ecosystem crates.io
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-31496

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apollo compiler dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

apollo-compiler fixed: 1.27.0 
Upgrade apollo-compiler to 1.27.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for apollo-compiler

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-31496, inspect your project dependencies for Apollo compiler:

inspect dependencies for apollo-compiler

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apollo compiler in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.27.0), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling, where the product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated. In Apollo compiler, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

# Impact ## Summary A vulnerability in Apollo Compiler allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to validate. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service in applications. ## Details Named fragments were being processed once per fragment spread in some cases during query validation, leading to exponential resource usage when deeply nested and reused fragments were involved. ## Fix/Mitigation The validation logic has been updated to process each named fragment only once, preventing redundant traversal. # Patches This has been remediated in `apollo-compiler` version 1.27.0. # Workarounds No known direct workarounds exist. ## Acknowledgements We appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query validation mechanisms.

CVE-2025-31496 Affected Apollo compiler Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.27.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
apollo-compiler
 crates.io
< 1.27.0
1.27.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-rs/security/advisories/GHSA-7mpv-9xg6-5r79
NVD — CVE-2025-31496 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31496
Apollo compiler Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-rs/pull/952
Apollo compiler Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-rs

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-31496?
CVE-2025-31496 is a security vulnerability in Apollo compiler involving Apollo Compiler Named Fragment Processing Vulnerability under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling.
Which Apollo compiler versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.27.0 across affected packages: apollo-compiler.
What version fixes CVE-2025-31496?
Upgrading to 1.27.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is apollo-compiler affected?
Yes, apollo-compiler is affected in releases prior to 1.27.0. Upgrade your dependency to 1.27.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-31496?
CVE-2025-31496 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-31496?
CVE-2025-31496 is classified under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.).
How can I check crates.io dependencies for CVE-2025-31496?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for apollo-compiler'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-7mpv-9xg6-5r79",
  "modified" : "2025-04-08T17:49:31Z",
  "published" : "2025-04-07T19:09:14Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-31496" ],
  "summary" : "Apollo Compiler Named Fragment Processing Vulnerability",
  "details" : "# Impact\n\n## Summary\n\nA vulnerability in Apollo Compiler allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to validate. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service in applications.\n\n## Details\n\nNamed fragments were being processed once per fragment spread in some cases during query validation, leading to exponential resource usage when deeply nested and reused fragments were involved.\n\n## Fix/Mitigation\n\nThe validation logic has been updated to process each named fragment only once, preventing redundant traversal.\n\n# Patches\nThis has been remediated in `apollo-compiler` version 1.27.0.\n\n# Workarounds\nNo known direct workarounds exist.\n\n## Acknowledgements\nWe appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query validation mechanisms.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "apollo-compiler"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.27.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-rs/security/advisories/GHSA-7mpv-9xg6-5r79"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31496"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-rs/pull/952"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-rs"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-770" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-04-07T19:09:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-04-07T21:15:42Z"
  }
}