CVE-2025-54581: Vproxy Denial of Service Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-7h24-c332-p48c
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-369
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-54581 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-369: Divide By Zero) affecting Vproxy libraries in the crates.io ecosystem. The issue involves vproxy divide by zero dos vulnerability. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 2.4.0.

CVE-2025-54581 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-54581
GHSA Identifier GHSA-7h24-c332-p48c
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-369: Divide By Zero
Affected Product Vproxy
Package Ecosystem crates.io
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-54581

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Vproxy dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

vproxy fixed: 2.4.0 
Upgrade vproxy to 2.4.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for vproxy

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-54581, inspect your project dependencies for Vproxy:

inspect dependencies for vproxy

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Vproxy in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 2.4.0), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-369: Divide By Zero, where the product divides a value by zero. In Vproxy, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Summary Untrusted, user-controlled data from the HTTP Proxy-Authorization header can induce a denial of service state. ### Details Untrusted data is extracted from the user-controlled HTTP Proxy-Authorization header and passed to Extension::try_from and flows into parse_ttl_extension where it is parsed as a TTL value. If an attacker supplies a TTL of zero (e.g. by using a username such as 'configuredUser-ttl-0'), the modulo operation 'timestamp % ttl' will cause a division by zero panic, causing the server to crash causing a denial-of-service. The code assumed to be responsible for this can be found here: https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy/blob/ab304c3854bf8480be577039ada0228907ba0923/src/extension.rs#L173-L183 ### PoC 1. Download and run the latest version of vproxy 2. Send a cUrl request like the following, adjusting address and port as necessary: ```curl -x "http://test-ttl-0:test@127.0.0.1:8101" https://google.com``` 3. Wait for a cUrl error indicating "Proxy CONNECT aborted" 4. View logs from the vproxy server 5. Observe that the vproxy server crashed due to a divide-by-zero panic ### Impact The resulting crash renders the proxy server unusable until it is reset. Finally, one last note: I'm reporting this on behalf of another researcher at Black Duck. Credit for discovery should be attributed to David Bohannon ([dbohannon](https://github.com/dbohannon))

CVE-2025-54581 Affected Vproxy Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
2.4.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
vproxy
 crates.io
< 2.4.0
2.4.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy/security/advisories/GHSA-7h24-c332-p48c
NVD — CVE-2025-54581 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54581
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy/commit/aa1bf64c5e7f1c471395f9f29175ffc1b16a1079
Vproxy Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy
Vproxy Release RELEASE
https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy/releases/tag/v2.4.0

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-54581?
CVE-2025-54581 is a security vulnerability in Vproxy involving vproxy Divide by Zero DoS Vulnerability under CWE-369: Divide By Zero.
Which Vproxy versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 2.4.0 across affected packages: vproxy.
What version fixes CVE-2025-54581?
Upgrading to 2.4.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is vproxy affected?
Yes, vproxy is affected in releases prior to 2.4.0. Upgrade your dependency to 2.4.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-54581?
CVE-2025-54581 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-54581?
CVE-2025-54581 is classified under CWE-369: Divide By Zero (The product divides a value by zero.).
How can I check crates.io dependencies for CVE-2025-54581?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for vproxy'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-7h24-c332-p48c",
  "modified" : "2025-07-31T11:18:29Z",
  "published" : "2025-07-30T16:33:41Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-54581" ],
  "summary" : "vproxy Divide by Zero DoS Vulnerability",
  "details" : "### Summary\nUntrusted, user-controlled data from the HTTP Proxy-Authorization header can induce a denial of service state.\n\n### Details\nUntrusted data is extracted from the user-controlled HTTP Proxy-Authorization header and passed to Extension::try_from and flows into parse_ttl_extension where it is parsed as a TTL value. If an attacker supplies a TTL of zero (e.g. by using a username such as 'configuredUser-ttl-0'), the modulo operation 'timestamp % ttl' will cause a division by zero panic, causing the server to crash causing a denial-of-service.\n\nThe code assumed to be responsible for this can be found here: https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy/blob/ab304c3854bf8480be577039ada0228907ba0923/src/extension.rs#L173-L183\n\n### PoC\n1. Download and run the latest version of vproxy\n2. Send a cUrl request like the following, adjusting address and port as necessary: ```curl -x \"http://test-ttl-0:test@127.0.0.1:8101\" https://google.com```\n3. Wait for a cUrl error indicating \"Proxy CONNECT aborted\"\n4. View logs from the vproxy server\n5. Observe that the vproxy server crashed due to a divide-by-zero panic\n\n### Impact\nThe resulting crash renders the proxy server unusable until it is reset.\n\nFinally, one last note: I'm reporting this on behalf of another researcher at Black Duck. Credit for discovery should be attributed to David Bohannon ([dbohannon](https://github.com/dbohannon))",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "vproxy"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.4.0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 2.3.3"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy/security/advisories/GHSA-7h24-c332-p48c"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54581"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy/commit/aa1bf64c5e7f1c471395f9f29175ffc1b16a1079"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/0x676e67/vproxy/releases/tag/v2.4.0"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-369" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-07-30T16:33:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-07-30T20:15:37Z"
  }
}