CVE-2025-53602: Zipkin server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-794x-8x6x-qpfc
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CVSS 5.3
CWE-1188
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-53602 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.3) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default) affecting Zipkin server libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves zipkin server vulnerable to insecure resource initialization through its /heapdump endpoint. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-53602 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-53602
GHSA Identifier GHSA-794x-8x6x-qpfc
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.3
CWE Classification CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default
Affected Product Zipkin server
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.3

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality Low (C:L)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-53602

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Zipkin server dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

io.zipkin:zipkin-server fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.zipkin</groupId>
    <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.zipkin

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-53602, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.zipkin

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Zipkin server in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.zipkin command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default, where the product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure. In Zipkin server, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Zipkin through 3.5.1 has a /heapdump endpoint (associated with the use of Spring Boot Actuator), a similar issue to CVE-2025-48927.

CVE-2025-53602 Affected Zipkin server Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
io.zipkin:zipkin-server
maven/io.zipkin/zipkin-server
Maven
≤ 3.5.1

References

NVD — CVE-2025-53602 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53602
Zipkin server Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/openzipkin/zipkin/pull/3804
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/openzipkin/zipkin/commit/3c7605dfdfab2dd341cf0ea121a56cefcd580d9e
Zipkin server Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/openzipkin/zipkin
zipkin.io WEB
https://zipkin.io

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-53602?
CVE-2025-53602 is a security vulnerability in Zipkin server involving Zipkin Server vulnerable to Insecure Resource Initialization through its /heapdump endpoint under CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default.
Which Zipkin server versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: io.zipkin:zipkin-server.
What version fixes CVE-2025-53602?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is zipkin-server affected?
Yes, io.zipkin:zipkin-server is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-53602?
CVE-2025-53602 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-53602?
CVE-2025-53602 is classified under CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default (The product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-53602?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=io.zipkin'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-794x-8x6x-qpfc",
  "modified" : "2025-07-07T12:45:39Z",
  "published" : "2025-07-04T21:30:32Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-53602" ],
  "summary" : "Zipkin Server vulnerable to Insecure Resource Initialization through its /heapdump endpoint",
  "details" : "Zipkin through 3.5.1 has a /heapdump endpoint (associated with the use of Spring Boot Actuator), a similar issue to CVE-2025-48927.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "io.zipkin:zipkin-server"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "3.5.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53602"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openzipkin/zipkin/pull/3804"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openzipkin/zipkin/commit/3c7605dfdfab2dd341cf0ea121a56cefcd580d9e"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openzipkin/zipkin"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://zipkin.io"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1188" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-07-07T12:45:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-07-04T21:15:23Z"
  }
}