CVE-2025-48710: Github.com/kro run/kro Kro Confused Deputy Vulnerability Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-7633-x85h-5mqh
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CVSS 4.1
CWE-441
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-48710 is a MODERATE (CVSS 4.1) kro confused deputy vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')) affecting Github.com/kro run/kro libraries in the Go ecosystem. The issue involves kro confused deputy vulnerability. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 0.2.1.

CVE-2025-48710 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-48710
GHSA Identifier GHSA-7633-x85h-5mqh
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 4.1
CWE Classification CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Affected Product Github.com/kro run/kro
Package Ecosystem Go
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 4.1

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required High (PR:H)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-48710

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Github.com/kro run/kro dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

github.com/kro-run/kro fixed: 0.2.1 
Upgrade github.com/kro-run/kro to 0.2.1
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for github.com/kro-run/kro

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-48710, inspect your project dependencies for Github.com/kro run/kro:

inspect dependencies for github.com/kro-run/kro

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Github.com/kro run/kro in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 0.2.1), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy'), where the product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. this causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor. In Github.com/kro run/kro, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro's controllers deploy and run attacker-controlled images, resulting in unauthenticated remote code execution on cluster nodes.

CVE-2025-48710 Affected Github.com/kro run/kro Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
0.2.1
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
github.com/kro-run/kro
golang/github.com/kro-run/kro
Go
≥ 0.1.0
< 0.2.1
0.2.1

References

NVD — CVE-2025-48710 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48710
Github.com/kro run/kro Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/kro-run/kro
Github.com/kro run/kro Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/kro-run/kro/compare/v0.2.1...v0.2.2
Github.com/kro run/kro Security Information SECURITY
https://orca.security/resources/blog/kubernetes-crd-abstraction-risks-kro

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-48710?
CVE-2025-48710 is a security vulnerability in Github.com/kro run/kro involving kro Confused Deputy vulnerability under CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy').
Which Github.com/kro run/kro versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 0.2.1 across affected packages: github.com/kro-run/kro.
What version fixes CVE-2025-48710?
Upgrading to 0.2.1 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is github.com/kro-run/kro affected?
Yes, github.com/kro-run/kro is affected in releases prior to 0.2.1. Upgrade your dependency to 0.2.1 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-48710?
CVE-2025-48710 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.1 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-48710?
CVE-2025-48710 is classified under CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') (The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.).
How can I check Go dependencies for CVE-2025-48710?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for github.com/kro-run/kro'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-7633-x85h-5mqh",
  "modified" : "2025-06-05T05:10:13Z",
  "published" : "2025-06-04T06:30:26Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-48710" ],
  "summary" : "kro Confused Deputy vulnerability",
  "details" : "kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro's controllers deploy and run attacker-controlled images, resulting in unauthenticated remote code execution on cluster nodes.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N"
  } ],
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      "ecosystem" : "Go",
      "name" : "github.com/kro-run/kro"
    },
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      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0.1.0"
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    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48710"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/kro-run/kro"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/kro-run/kro/compare/v0.2.1...v0.2.2"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://orca.security/resources/blog/kubernetes-crd-abstraction-risks-kro"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-441" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-06-05T05:10:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-06-04T06:15:21Z"
  }
}