CVE-2022-21681: Marked Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-5v2h-r2cx-5xgj
CVSS 7.5
CWE-1333
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2022-21681 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) inefficient regular expression complexity vulnerability (CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity) affecting Marked libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves inefficient regular expression complexity in marked. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.0.10.

CVE-2022-21681 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2022-21681
GHSA Identifier GHSA-5v2h-r2cx-5xgj
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Affected Product Marked
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2022-21681

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Marked dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

marked fixed: 4.0.10
npm install marked@4.0.10
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

npm ls marked

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2022-21681, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls marked

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Marked in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.0.10), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls marked command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity, where the product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential. In Marked, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact _What kind of vulnerability is it?_ Denial of service. The regular expression `inline.reflinkSearch` may cause catastrophic backtracking against some strings. PoC is the following. ```javascript import * as marked from 'marked'; console.log(marked.parse(`[x]: x \\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](\\[\\](`)); ``` _Who is impacted?_ Anyone who runs untrusted markdown through marked and does not use a worker with a time limit. ### Patches _Has the problem been patched?_ Yes _What versions should users upgrade to?_ 4.0.10 ### Workarounds _Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_ Do not run untrusted markdown through marked or run marked on a [worker](https://marked.js.org/using_advanced#workers) thread and set a reasonable time limit to prevent draining resources. ### References _Are there any links users can visit to find out more?_ - https://marked.js.org/using_advanced#workers - https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Regular_expression_Denial_of_Service_-_ReDoS ### For more information If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in [marked](https://github.com/markedjs/marked)

CVE-2022-21681 Affected Marked Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
4.0.10
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
marked
npm
< 4.0.10
4.0.10

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2022-21681?
CVE-2022-21681 is a security vulnerability in Marked involving Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in marked under CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity.
Which Marked versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 4.0.10 across affected packages: marked.
What version fixes CVE-2022-21681?
Upgrading to 4.0.10 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is marked affected?
Yes, marked is affected in releases prior to 4.0.10. Upgrade your dependency to 4.0.10 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-21681?
CVE-2022-21681 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2022-21681?
CVE-2022-21681 is classified under CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity (The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2022-21681?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls marked'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-5v2h-r2cx-5xgj",
  "modified" : "2022-01-14T19:57:17Z",
  "published" : "2022-01-14T21:04:46Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2022-21681" ],
  "summary" : "Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in marked",
  "details" : "### Impact\n\n_What kind of vulnerability is it?_\n\nDenial of service.\n\nThe regular expression `inline.reflinkSearch` may cause catastrophic backtracking against some strings.\nPoC is the following.\n\n```javascript\nimport * as marked from 'marked';\n\nconsole.log(marked.parse(`[x]: x\n\n\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](\\\\[\\\\](`));\n```\n\n_Who is impacted?_\n\nAnyone who runs untrusted markdown through marked and does not use a worker with a time limit.\n\n### Patches\n\n_Has the problem been patched?_\n\nYes\n\n_What versions should users upgrade to?_\n\n4.0.10\n\n### Workarounds\n\n_Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_\n\nDo not run untrusted markdown through marked or run marked on a [worker](https://marked.js.org/using_advanced#workers) thread and set a reasonable time limit to prevent draining resources.\n\n### References\n\n_Are there any links users can visit to find out more?_\n\n- https://marked.js.org/using_advanced#workers\n- https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Regular_expression_Denial_of_Service_-_ReDoS\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n* Open an issue in [marked](https://github.com/markedjs/marked)\n",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "marked"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.0.10"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/markedjs/marked/security/advisories/GHSA-5v2h-r2cx-5xgj"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21681"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/markedjs/marked/commit/8f806573a3f6c6b7a39b8cdb66ab5ebb8d55a5f5"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/markedjs/marked/commit/c4a3ccd344b6929afa8a1d50ac54a721e57012c0"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/markedjs/marked"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AIXDMC3CSHYW3YWVSQOXAWLUYQHAO5UX"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1333" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2022-01-14T19:57:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2022-01-14T17:15:00Z"
  }
}