CVE-2026-23735: Graphql modules GraphQL Modules Has A Race Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7
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CWE-362
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-23735 is a HIGH graphql modules has a race vulnerability (CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')) affecting Graphql modules libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves graphql modules has a race condition issue. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 2.4.1, 3.1.1.

CVE-2026-23735 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-23735
GHSA Identifier GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Affected Product Graphql modules
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2026-23735

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Graphql modules dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

graphql-modules fixed: 2.4.1 
npm install graphql-modules@2.4.1
graphql-modules fixed: 3.1.1 
npm install graphql-modules@3.1.1
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls graphql-modules

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2026-23735, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls graphql-modules

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Graphql modules in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 2.4.1), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls graphql-modules command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition'), where the product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently. In Graphql modules, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Summary Originally reported as an issue #2613 but should be elevated to a security issue as the ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs. ### Details When 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via `@ExecutionContext()` ### PoC In a new project/folder, create and install the following `package.json`: ```json { "name": "GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7", "scripts": { "test": "jest" }, "dependencies": { "graphql-modules": "2.4.0" }, "devDependencies": { "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.18.6", "@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators": "^7.28.6", "babel-plugin-parameter-decorator": "^1.0.16", "jest": "^29.7.0", "reflect-metadata": "^0.2.2" } } ``` with: ``` npm i ``` configure `babel.config.json` using: ```json { "plugins": [ ["@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators", { "legacy": true }], "babel-plugin-parameter-decorator", "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties" ] } ``` then write the following test `GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.ts`: ```js require("reflect-metadata"); const { createApplication, createModule, Injectable, Scope, ExecutionContext, gql, testkit, } = require("graphql-modules"); test("accessing a singleton provider context during another asynchronous execution", async () => { @Injectable({ scope: Scope.Singleton }) class IdentifierProvider { @ExecutionContext() context; getId() { return this.context.identifier; } } const { promise: gettingBefore, resolve: gotBefore } = createDeferred(); const { promise: waitForGettingAfter, resolve: getAfter } = createDeferred(); const mod = createModule({ id: "mod", providers: [IdentifierProvider], typeDefs: gql` type Query { getAsyncIdentifiers: Identifiers! } type Identifiers { before: String! after: String! } `, resolvers: { Query: { async getAsyncIdentifiers(_0, _1, context) { const before = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId(); gotBefore(); await waitForGettingAfter; const after = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId(); return { before, after }; }, }, }, }); const app = createApplication({ modules: [mod], }); const document = gql` { getAsyncIdentifiers { before after } } `; const firstResult$ = testkit.execute(app, { contextValue: { identifier: "first", }, document, }); await gettingBefore; const secondResult$ = testkit.execute(app, { contextValue: { identifier: "second", }, document, }); getAfter(); await expect(firstResult$).resolves.toEqual({ data: { getAsyncIdentifiers: { before: "first", after: "first", }, }, }); await expect(secondResult$).resolves.toEqual({ data: { getAsyncIdentifiers: { before: "second", after: "second", }, }, }); }); function createDeferred() { let resolve, reject; const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => { resolve = res; reject = rej; }); return { promise, resolve, reject, }; } ``` and execute using: ``` npm test ``` Your project tree should look like this: ``` GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7 package.json package-lock.json babel.config.json GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.js ``` #### Expected vs. Actual Outcome ```diff - Expected - 1 + Received + 1 Object { "data": Object { "getAsyncIdentifiers": Object { - "after": "first", + "after": "second", "before": "first", }, }, } ``` ### Impact Any application that uses services that inject the context using `@ExecutionContext()` from a singleton provider are at risk. The more traffic an application has, the higher the chance for parallel requests, the higher the risk.

CVE-2026-23735 Affected Graphql modules Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
2.4.13.1.1
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
graphql-modules
npm/graphql-modules
npm
≥ 2.2.1
< 2.4.1
2.4.1
graphql-modules
npm/graphql-modules
npm
≥ 3.0.0
< 3.1.1
3.1.1

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/security/advisories/GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7
NVD — CVE-2026-23735 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23735
Graphql modules Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/issues/2613
Graphql modules Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/pull/2521
Graphql modules Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules
Graphql modules Release RELEASE
https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/releases/tag/release-1768575025568

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-23735?
CVE-2026-23735 is a security vulnerability in Graphql modules involving GraphQL Modules has a Race Condition issue under CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition').
Which Graphql modules versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 2.4.1, 3.1.1 across affected packages: graphql-modules.
What version fixes CVE-2026-23735?
Upgrading to 2.4.1, 3.1.1 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is graphql-modules affected?
Yes, graphql-modules is affected in releases prior to 2.4.1, 3.1.1. Upgrade your dependency to 2.4.1, 3.1.1 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-23735?
CVE-2026-23735 is classified under CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition') (The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2026-23735?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls graphql-modules'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7",
  "modified" : "2026-01-21T16:20:01Z",
  "published" : "2026-01-16T21:09:08Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-23735" ],
  "summary" : "GraphQL Modules has a Race Condition issue",
  "details" : "### Summary\nOriginally reported as an issue #2613 but should be elevated to a security issue as the ExecutionContext is often used to pass authentication tokens from incoming requests to services loading data from backend APIs.\n\n### Details\nWhen 2 or more parallel requests are made which trigger the same service, the context of the requests is mixed up in the service when the context is injected via `@ExecutionContext()`\n\n### PoC\n\nIn a new project/folder, create and install the following `package.json`:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"name\": \"GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7\",\n  \"scripts\": {\n    \"test\": \"jest\"\n  },\n  \"dependencies\": {\n    \"graphql-modules\": \"2.4.0\"\n  },\n  \"devDependencies\": {\n    \"@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties\": \"^7.18.6\",\n    \"@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators\": \"^7.28.6\",\n    \"babel-plugin-parameter-decorator\": \"^1.0.16\",\n    \"jest\": \"^29.7.0\",\n    \"reflect-metadata\": \"^0.2.2\"\n  }\n}\n```\n\nwith:\n\n```\nnpm i\n```\n\nconfigure `babel.config.json` using:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"plugins\": [\n    [\"@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators\", { \"legacy\": true }],\n    \"babel-plugin-parameter-decorator\",\n    \"@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties\"\n  ]\n}\n```\n\nthen write the following test `GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.ts`:\n\n```js\nrequire(\"reflect-metadata\");\nconst {\n  createApplication,\n  createModule,\n  Injectable,\n  Scope,\n  ExecutionContext,\n  gql,\n  testkit,\n} = require(\"graphql-modules\");\n\ntest(\"accessing a singleton provider context during another asynchronous execution\", async () => {\n  @Injectable({ scope: Scope.Singleton })\n  class IdentifierProvider {\n    @ExecutionContext()\n    context;\n\n    getId() {\n      return this.context.identifier;\n    }\n  }\n\n  const { promise: gettingBefore, resolve: gotBefore } = createDeferred();\n\n  const { promise: waitForGettingAfter, resolve: getAfter } = createDeferred();\n\n  const mod = createModule({\n    id: \"mod\",\n    providers: [IdentifierProvider],\n    typeDefs: gql`\n      type Query {\n        getAsyncIdentifiers: Identifiers!\n      }\n\n      type Identifiers {\n        before: String!\n        after: String!\n      }\n    `,\n    resolvers: {\n      Query: {\n        async getAsyncIdentifiers(_0, _1, context) {\n          const before = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();\n          gotBefore();\n          await waitForGettingAfter;\n          const after = context.injector.get(IdentifierProvider).getId();\n          return { before, after };\n        },\n      },\n    },\n  });\n\n  const app = createApplication({\n    modules: [mod],\n  });\n\n  const document = gql`\n    {\n      getAsyncIdentifiers {\n        before\n        after\n      }\n    }\n  `;\n\n  const firstResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {\n    contextValue: {\n      identifier: \"first\",\n    },\n    document,\n  });\n\n  await gettingBefore;\n\n  const secondResult$ = testkit.execute(app, {\n    contextValue: {\n      identifier: \"second\",\n    },\n    document,\n  });\n\n  getAfter();\n\n  await expect(firstResult$).resolves.toEqual({\n    data: {\n      getAsyncIdentifiers: {\n        before: \"first\",\n        after: \"first\",\n      },\n    },\n  });\n\n  await expect(secondResult$).resolves.toEqual({\n    data: {\n      getAsyncIdentifiers: {\n        before: \"second\",\n        after: \"second\",\n      },\n    },\n  });\n});\n\nfunction createDeferred() {\n  let resolve, reject;\n  const promise = new Promise((res, rej) => {\n    resolve = res;\n    reject = rej;\n  });\n  return {\n    promise,\n    resolve,\n    reject,\n  };\n}\n```\n\nand execute using:\n\n```\nnpm test\n```\n\nYour project tree should look like this:\n\n```\nGHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7\n    package.json\n    package-lock.json\n    babel.config.json\n    GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7.spec.js\n```\n\n#### Expected vs. Actual Outcome\n\n```diff\n- Expected  - 1\n+ Received  + 1\n\n  Object {\n    \"data\": Object {\n      \"getAsyncIdentifiers\": Object {\n-       \"after\": \"first\",\n+       \"after\": \"second\",\n        \"before\": \"first\",\n      },\n    },\n  }\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAny application that uses services that inject the context using `@ExecutionContext()` from a singleton provider are at risk. The more traffic an application has, the higher the chance for parallel requests, the higher the risk.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "graphql-modules"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.2.1"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.4.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "graphql-modules"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.1.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/security/advisories/GHSA-53wg-r69p-v3r7"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23735"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/issues/2613"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/pull/2521"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/graphql-hive/graphql-modules/releases/tag/release-1768575025568"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-362" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-01-16T21:09:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-01-16T20:15:51Z"
  }
}