GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr: Duplicate Advisory Vm2: NodeVM Zlib Buffers Expose Vulnerability

MODERATE
Share
CVSS 7.5
CWE-200
Published
Advisory Summary

GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr is a MODERATE (CVSS 7.5) vm2: nodevm zlib buffers expose vulnerability (CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor) affecting Duplicate Advisory libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves vm2: nodevm zlib buffers expose pooled host memory across the vm boundary. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.12.2.

GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr at a Glance

CVE Identifier N/A
GHSA Identifier GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Affected Product Duplicate Advisory
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity High (AC:H)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Duplicate Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

vm2 fixed: 3.12.2 
npm install vm2@3.12.2
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls vm2

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls vm2

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Duplicate Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.12.2), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls vm2 command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor, where the product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information. In Duplicate Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-489w-w794-jq94. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ## Original Description vm2 before 3.12.2 does not apply its Buffer backing-store ownership invariant (byteOffset === 0 and buffer.byteLength === length) to Buffers returned from host builtin modules. When an application explicitly exposes Node's zlib module through NodeVM's builtin allowlist (require: { builtin: ['zlib'] }), zlib.deflateSync can return a Buffer backed by Node's shared small-buffer pool whose .buffer is the entire pool. Untrusted guest code can construct a full-width view of that ArrayBuffer (Buffer.from(result.buffer, 0, result.buffer.byteLength)) to read and modify bytes belonging to unrelated host buffers, disclosing and corrupting host-realm memory across the sandbox boundary.

GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr Affected Duplicate Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.12.2
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
vm2
npm/vm2
npm
< 3.12.2
3.12.2

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-489w-w794-jq94
NVD — GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-100723
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/4f2508abeb252aa86eb6761c78b3b000248fb089
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/5214b02ef13b82497fcb917b45320dfd014ffd09
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-befo... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-before-3.12.2-memory-disclosure-via-zlib-buffer-pool

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr?
GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr is a security vulnerability in Duplicate Advisory involving vm2: NodeVM zlib Buffers expose pooled host memory across the VM boundary under CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor.
Which Duplicate Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.12.2 across affected packages: vm2.
What version fixes GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr?
Upgrading to 3.12.2 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is vm2 affected?
Yes, vm2 is affected in releases prior to 3.12.2. Upgrade your dependency to 3.12.2 or later.
What is the CVSS score of GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr?
GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr?
GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr is classified under CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor (The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.).
How can I check npm dependencies for GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls vm2'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr",
  "modified" : "2026-10-05T22:59:44Z",
  "published" : "2026-09-27T03:31:03Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2026-10-05T22:59:44Z",
  "aliases" : [ ],
  "summary" : "Duplicate Advisory: vm2: NodeVM zlib Buffers expose pooled host memory across the VM boundary",
  "details" : "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-489w-w794-jq94. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nvm2 before 3.12.2 does not apply its Buffer backing-store ownership invariant (byteOffset === 0 and buffer.byteLength === length) to Buffers returned from host builtin modules. When an application explicitly exposes Node's zlib module through NodeVM's builtin allowlist (require: { builtin: ['zlib'] }), zlib.deflateSync can return a Buffer backed by Node's shared small-buffer pool whose .buffer is the entire pool. Untrusted guest code can construct a full-width view of that ArrayBuffer (Buffer.from(result.buffer, 0, result.buffer.byteLength)) to read and modify bytes belonging to unrelated host buffers, disclosing and corrupting host-realm memory across the sandbox boundary.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "vm2"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.12.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-489w-w794-jq94"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-100723"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/4f2508abeb252aa86eb6761c78b3b000248fb089"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/5214b02ef13b82497fcb917b45320dfd014ffd09"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-before-3.12.2-memory-disclosure-via-zlib-buffer-pool"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-200" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-10-05T22:59:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-09-27T02:17:19Z"
  }
}