GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg: Duplicate Advisory OpenClaw's Voice-call Twilio Webhook Replay Vulnerability

MODERATE
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CVSS 6.5
CWE-294
Published
Advisory Summary

GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg is a MODERATE (CVSS 6.5) openclaw's voice-call twilio webhook replay vulnerability (CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay) affecting Duplicate Advisory libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves openclaw's voice-call twilio webhook replay could bypass manager dedupe because normalized event ids were randomized per parse. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg at a Glance

CVE Identifier N/A
GHSA Identifier GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 6.5
CWE Classification CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Affected Product Duplicate Advisory
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 6.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability Low (A:L)

How to Fix GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Duplicate Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

openclaw fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install openclaw@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls openclaw

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls openclaw

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Duplicate Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls openclaw command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay, where a capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes). In Duplicate Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-vqx8-9xxw-f2m7. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ## Original Description OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.23 contain a vulnerability in Twilio webhook event deduplication where normalized event IDs are randomized per parse, allowing replay events to bypass manager dedupe checks. Attackers can replay Twilio webhook events to trigger duplicate or stale call-state transitions, potentially causing incorrect call handling and state corruption.

GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg Affected Duplicate Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
openclaw
npm/openclaw
npm

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-vqx8-9xxw-f2m7
NVD — GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32053
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1d28da55a5d0ff409e34999e0961157e9db0a2ab
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-twilio-webhook-replay-bypass-via-randomized-event-id-normalization

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg?
GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg is a security vulnerability in Duplicate Advisory involving OpenClaw's voice-call Twilio webhook replay could bypass manager dedupe because normalized event IDs were randomized per parse under CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay.
Which Duplicate Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: openclaw.
What version fixes GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is openclaw affected?
Yes, openclaw is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg?
GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L.
What CWE is associated with GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg?
GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg is classified under CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).).
How can I check npm dependencies for GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls openclaw'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-3r78-rqg8-95gg",
  "modified" : "2026-03-24T19:05:32Z",
  "published" : "2026-03-21T03:31:14Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2026-03-24T19:05:32Z",
  "aliases" : [ ],
  "summary" : "Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw's voice-call Twilio webhook replay could bypass manager dedupe because normalized event IDs were randomized per parse",
  "details" : "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-vqx8-9xxw-f2m7. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nOpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.23 contain a vulnerability in Twilio webhook event deduplication where normalized event IDs are randomized per parse, allowing replay events to bypass manager dedupe checks. Attackers can replay Twilio webhook events to trigger duplicate or stale call-state transitions, potentially causing incorrect call handling and state corruption.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "openclaw"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 2026.2.23"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-vqx8-9xxw-f2m7"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32053"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1d28da55a5d0ff409e34999e0961157e9db0a2ab"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-twilio-webhook-replay-bypass-via-randomized-event-id-normalization"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-294" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-03-24T19:05:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-03-21T01:17:08Z"
  }
}