GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796: Duplicate Advisory Denial of Service Vulnerability

MODERATE
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CVSS 3.7
CWE-400
Published
Advisory Summary

GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796 is a MODERATE (CVSS 3.7) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) affecting Duplicate Advisory libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves pl196xcorpusreader has quadratic redos on malformed tei blocks. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796 at a Glance

CVE Identifier N/A
GHSA Identifier GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 3.7
CWE Classification CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Affected Product Duplicate Advisory
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 3.7

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity High (AC:H)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability Low (A:L)

How to Fix GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Duplicate Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

nltk fixed: Latest secure release 
pip install nltk>=Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show nltk

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show nltk

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Duplicate Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show nltk command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption, where the product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource. In Duplicate Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-8mpw-7fpc-4gqj. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ## Original Description NLTK before 3.10.3 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Pl196xCorpusReader that allows attackers to cause quadratic CPU consumption by supplying malformed TEI blocks with many unmatched opening tags. Attackers can exploit lazy regex patterns in the read_block method through public APIs like words() and tagged_words() to force repeated rescans and achieve near-quadratic runtime growth.

GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796 Affected Duplicate Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
nltk
pypi/nltk
PyPI
≤ 3.10.2

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/GHSA-8mpw-7fpc-4gqj
NVD — GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81725
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-bef... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-3.10.3-regular-expression-denial-of-service-via-pl196xcorpusreader

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796?
GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796 is a security vulnerability in Duplicate Advisory involving Pl196xCorpusReader has quadratic ReDoS on malformed TEI blocks under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption.
Which Duplicate Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: nltk.
What version fixes GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is nltk affected?
Yes, nltk is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796?
GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 3.7 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L.
What CWE is associated with GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796?
GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796 is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show nltk'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-3m7f-6hxv-6796",
  "modified" : "2026-09-02T14:49:56Z",
  "published" : "2026-08-27T18:32:30Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2026-09-02T14:49:56Z",
  "aliases" : [ ],
  "summary" : "Duplicate Advisory: Pl196xCorpusReader has quadratic ReDoS on malformed TEI blocks",
  "details" : "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-8mpw-7fpc-4gqj. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nNLTK before 3.10.3 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Pl196xCorpusReader that allows attackers to cause quadratic CPU consumption by supplying malformed TEI blocks with many unmatched opening tags. Attackers can exploit lazy regex patterns in the read_block method through public APIs like words() and tagged_words() to force repeated rescans and achieve near-quadratic runtime growth.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "nltk"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "3.10.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/GHSA-8mpw-7fpc-4gqj"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81725"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-3.10.3-regular-expression-denial-of-service-via-pl196xcorpusreader"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-400" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-09-02T14:49:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-08-27T17:21:03Z"
  }
}