CVE-2025-32380: Apollo router Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-3j43-9v8v-cp3f
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-770
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-32380 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling) affecting Apollo router libraries in the crates.io ecosystem. The issue involves apollo router query validation vulnerable to excessive resource consumption via named fragment processing. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.61.2, 2.1.1.

CVE-2025-32380 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-32380
GHSA Identifier GHSA-3j43-9v8v-cp3f
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Affected Product Apollo router
Package Ecosystem crates.io
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-32380

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apollo router dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

apollo-router fixed: 1.61.2 
Upgrade apollo-router to 1.61.2
apollo-router fixed: 2.1.1 
Upgrade apollo-router to 2.1.1
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for apollo-router

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-32380, inspect your project dependencies for Apollo router:

inspect dependencies for apollo-router

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apollo router in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.61.2), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling, where the product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated. In Apollo router, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

# Impact ## Summary A vulnerability in Apollo Router's usage of Apollo Compiler allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to validate. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service. ## Details Named fragments were being processed once per fragment spread in some cases during query validation, leading to exponential resource usage when deeply nested and reused fragments were involved. ## Fix/Mitigation Apollo Router's usage of Apollo Compiler has been updated so that validation logic processes each named fragment only once, preventing redundant traversal. # Patches This has been remediated in `apollo-router` versions 1.61.2 and 2.1.1. # Workarounds The only known workaround is "Safelisting with IDs only" per [Safelisting with Persisted Queries - Apollo GraphQL Docs](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/routing/security/persisted-queries#router-security-levels). The "Safelisting" security level is not sufficient, since that level allows freeform GraphQL queries to be sent to Apollo Router. # References [Query Planning Documentation](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/reference/federation/query-plans) ## Acknowledgements We appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query validation mechanisms.

CVE-2025-32380 Affected Apollo router Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.61.22.1.1
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
apollo-router
 crates.io
< 1.61.2
1.61.2
apollo-router
 crates.io
≥ 2.0.0-alpha.0
< 2.1.1
2.1.1

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/apollographql/router/security/advisories/GHSA-3j43-9v8v-cp3f
NVD — CVE-2025-32380 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32380
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/ab6675a63174715ea6ff50881fc957831d4e9564
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/bba032e183b861348a466d3123c7137a1ae18952
Apollo router Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apollographql/router

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-32380?
CVE-2025-32380 is a security vulnerability in Apollo router involving Apollo Router Query Validation Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Named Fragment Processing under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling.
Which Apollo router versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.61.2, 2.1.1 across affected packages: apollo-router.
What version fixes CVE-2025-32380?
Upgrading to 1.61.2, 2.1.1 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is apollo-router affected?
Yes, apollo-router is affected in releases prior to 1.61.2, 2.1.1. Upgrade your dependency to 1.61.2, 2.1.1 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-32380?
CVE-2025-32380 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-32380?
CVE-2025-32380 is classified under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.).
How can I check crates.io dependencies for CVE-2025-32380?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for apollo-router'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-3j43-9v8v-cp3f",
  "modified" : "2025-04-09T19:53:50Z",
  "published" : "2025-04-07T19:00:30Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-32380" ],
  "summary" : "Apollo Router Query Validation Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Named Fragment Processing",
  "details" : "# Impact\n\n## Summary\n\nA vulnerability in Apollo Router's usage of Apollo Compiler allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to validate. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service.\n\n## Details\n\nNamed fragments were being processed once per fragment spread in some cases during query validation, leading to exponential resource usage when deeply nested and reused fragments were involved.\n\n## Fix/Mitigation\n\nApollo Router's usage of Apollo Compiler has been updated so that validation logic processes each named fragment only once, preventing redundant traversal.\n\n# Patches\n\nThis has been remediated in `apollo-router` versions 1.61.2 and 2.1.1.\n\n# Workarounds\nThe only known workaround is \"Safelisting with IDs only\" per [Safelisting with Persisted Queries - Apollo GraphQL Docs](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/routing/security/persisted-queries#router-security-levels). The \"Safelisting\" security level is not sufficient, since that level allows freeform GraphQL queries to be sent to Apollo Router.\n\n# References \n[Query Planning Documentation](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/reference/federation/query-plans)\n\n## Acknowledgements\nWe appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query validation mechanisms.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "apollo-router"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.61.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "apollo-router"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.0.0-alpha.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.1.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/router/security/advisories/GHSA-3j43-9v8v-cp3f"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32380"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/ab6675a63174715ea6ff50881fc957831d4e9564"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/router/commit/bba032e183b861348a466d3123c7137a1ae18952"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apollographql/router"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-770" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-04-07T19:00:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-04-09T16:15:26Z"
  }
}