CVE-2026-71868: Orval Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6
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CWE-94 CWE-1336
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-71868 is a CRITICAL remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')) affecting Orval libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves import-time rce via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 8.21.0.

CVE-2026-71868 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-71868
GHSA Identifier GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Affected Product Orval
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2026-71868

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Orval dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

orval fixed: 8.21.0 
npm install orval@8.21.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls orval

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2026-71868, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls orval

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Orval in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 8.21.0), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls orval command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment. In Orval, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Summary Orval's zod schema generation emits the **enum-typed** `default` value as a module-level template literal (`export const …Default = `<default>`;`) without escaping `${` or the backtick. A default of the form `v${<code>}w` injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation. ### Details ```ts export const …Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`; // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import ``` Malicious input: an enum-typed property with a `default` of `v${<attacker JS>}w`. `${...}` permits any JS expression. Note: this is one of several `default`-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape `default` values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports. ### PoC `reproduce.sh` (+ `make_spec.py`) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0. ### Impact Code execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description. ### Suggested fix Emit `default` values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and `${` if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every `default` position.

CVE-2026-71868 Affected Orval Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
8.21.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
orval
npm/orval
npm
< 8.21.0
8.21.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6
NVD — CVE-2026-71868 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71868
Orval Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6
Orval Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval
Orval Release RELEASE
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-71868?
CVE-2026-71868 is a security vulnerability in Orval involving Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection').
Which Orval versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 8.21.0 across affected packages: orval.
What version fixes CVE-2026-71868?
Upgrading to 8.21.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is orval affected?
Yes, orval is affected in releases prior to 8.21.0. Upgrade your dependency to 8.21.0 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-71868?
CVE-2026-71868 is classified under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2026-71868?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls orval'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6",
  "modified" : "2026-09-03T18:20:55Z",
  "published" : "2026-09-03T18:20:55Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-71868" ],
  "summary" : "Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal",
  "details" : "### Summary\n\nOrval's zod schema generation emits the **enum-typed** `default` value as a module-level template literal (`export const …Default = `<default>`;`) without escaping `${` or the backtick. A default of the form `v${<code>}w` injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.\n\n### Details\n\n```ts\nexport const …Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`;   // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import\n```\n\nMalicious input: an enum-typed property with a `default` of `v${<attacker JS>}w`. `${...}` permits any JS expression.\n\nNote: this is one of several `default`-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape `default` values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.\n\n### PoC\n\n`reproduce.sh` (+ `make_spec.py`) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.\n\n### Impact\n\nCode execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.\n\n### Suggested fix\n\nEmit `default` values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and `${` if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every `default` position.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "orval"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "8.21.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71868"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1336", "CWE-94" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-09-03T18:20:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-08-19T18:17:24Z"
  }
}